State the difference between temporary and permanent changes. Describe how you can demonstrate temperature change using crystals of iodine.

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3) State the difference between temporary and permanent changes.

• A temporary change (also known as a physical change) is a change in which no new substance is formed, and the original substance can be recovered by reversing the conditions. Examples include melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, and dissolving.
• A permanent change (also known as a chemical change) is a change in which new substances with different chemical properties are formed, and the original substance cannot be easily recovered by simple physical means. Examples include burning, rusting, and cooking.

4) Describe how you can demonstrate temperature change using crystals of iodine.
This experiment demonstrates sublimation, a phase change directly from solid to gas, and deposition, the reverse.

Procedure:

1. Place a few iodine crystals into an evaporating dish or beaker.
2. Gently heat the bottom of the dish/beaker using a Bunsen burner or hot plate in a fume hood (iodine vapor is irritating).
3. Observe the formation of purple vapor above the solid iodine. This shows the solid iodine turning directly into a gas due to increased temperature.
4. Place a watch glass containing ice on top of the evaporating dish/beaker.
5. Observe the purple vapor turning back into solid iodine crystals on the cool underside of the watch glass. This demonstrates the gas turning directly back into a solid upon cooling.