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Write the dissolution equilibrium for silver chloride (AgCl).

Chemistry

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  1. Write the dissolution equilibrium for silver chloride (AgCl).

    AgCl(s)⇌Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)\text{AgCl}(s) \rightleftharpoons \text{Ag}^+(aq) + \text{Cl}^-(aq)
  2. Calculate the ion product (QspQ_{sp}) using the given concentrations.

    The ion product expression for AgCl is Qsp=[Ag+][Cl−]Q_{sp} = [\text{Ag}^+][\text{Cl}^-].
    Given [Ag+]=1.0×10−3 M[\text{Ag}^+] = 1.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ M} and [Cl−]=1.0×10−3 M[\text{Cl}^-] = 1.0 \times 10^{-3} \text{ M}.

    Qsp=(1.0×10−3)(1.0×10−3)Q_{sp} = (1.0 \times 10^{-3})(1.0 \times 10^{-3}) Qsp=1.0×10−6Q_{sp} = 1.0 \times 10^{-6}
  3. Compare QspQ_{sp} with the given KspK_{sp} value.

    Given Ksp(AgCl)=1.8×10−10K_{sp}(\text{AgCl}) = 1.8 \times 10^{-10}.
    We have Qsp=1.0×10−6Q_{sp} = 1.0 \times 10^{-6} and Ksp=1.8×10−10K_{sp} = 1.8 \times 10^{-10}.
    Since 1.0×10−6>1.8×10−101.0 \times 10^{-6} > 1.8 \times 10^{-10}, Qsp>KspQ_{sp} > K_{sp}.

  4. Determine if a precipitate will form.

    When Qsp>KspQ_{sp} > K_{sp}, the solution is supersaturated, and a precipitate will form to reach equilibrium.
    Therefore, a precipitate of AgCl will form.

    The final answer is A precipitate will form\boxed{\text{A precipitate will form}}.

    :

  5. Write the dissolution equilibrium for lead(II) iodide (PbI2_2).

    PbI2(s)⇌Pb2+(aq)+2I−(aq)\text{PbI}_2(s) \rightleftharpoons \text{Pb}^{2+}(aq) + 2\text{I}^-(aq)
  6. Write the expression for the solubility product (KspK_{sp}).

    Ksp=[Pb2+][I−]2K_{sp} = [\text{Pb}^{2+}][\text{I}^-]^2

    Given Ksp(PbI2)=8.5×10−9K_{sp}(\text{PbI}_2) = 8.5 \times 10^{-9}.

  7. Set up an ICE table for the dissolution of PbI2_2 in the presence of a common ion.

    The solution contains 0.10 M KI0.10 \text{ M KI}. Since KI is a strong electrolyte, it dissociates completely: KI(aq)→K+(aq)+I−(aq)\text{KI}(aq) \to \text{K}^+(aq) + \text{I}^-(aq).
    So, the initial concentration of I−\text{I}^- from KI is 0.10 M0.10 \text{ M}.
    Let 's' be the molar solubility of PbI2_2.

    SpeciesInitial (M)Change (M)Equilibrium (M)
    Pb2+\text{Pb}^{2+}0+ss
    I−\text{I}^-0.10+2s0.10 + 2s
  8. Substitute the equilibrium concentrations into the KspK_{sp} expression.

    Ksp=(s)(0.10+2s)2K_{sp} = (s)(0.10 + 2s)^2

    Since KspK_{sp} is very small (8.5×10−98.5 \times 10^{-9}), we can assume that 2s2s is much smaller than 0.10 M0.10 \text{ M}.
    Therefore, 0.10+2s≈0.100.10 + 2s \approx 0.10.

    8.5×10−9=(s)(0.10)28.5 \times 10^{-9} = (s)(0.10)^2
  9. Solve for 's', the molar solubility of PbI2_2.

    8.5×10−9=s(0.010)8.5 \times 10^{-9} = s(0.010) s=8.5×10−90.010s = \frac{8.5 \times 10^{-9}}{0.010} s=8.5×10−7 Ms = 8.5 \times 10^{-7} \text{ M}

    The assumption that 2s≪0.102s \ll 0.10 is valid because 2×(8.5×10−7)=1.7×10−62 \times (8.5 \times 10^{-7}) = 1.7 \times 10^{-6}, which is indeed much smaller than 0.10.

    The final answer is 8.5×10−7 M\boxed{8.5 \times 10^{-7} \text{ M}}.

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