This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to the chemistry questions: e) Give the shapes of the following molecules: i) CO_2: The carbon dioxide molecule has a central carbon atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms. There are no lone pairs on the central carbon atom. The shape is linear. ii) CH_4: The methane molecule has a central carbon atom single-bonded to four hydrogen atoms. There are no lone pairs on the central carbon atom. The shape is tetrahedral. iii) NH_3: The ammonia molecule has a central nitrogen atom single-bonded to three hydrogen atoms and one lone pair of electrons. The shape is trigonal pyramidal. f) Apart from carbon, name two elements which exhibit allotropy. • Sulfur • Phosphorus g) State three characteristic properties of transition metals. • They form colored compounds. • They exhibit variable oxidation states. • They act as catalysts. h) Name two metals which could be extracted by electrolysis. • Aluminum • Sodium i) Define the term atomic number. The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies a chemical element. j) Name the types of chemical bonds present in NH_4Cl. • Ionic bond (between NH_4^+ and Cl^-) • Covalent bond (between N and H atoms within NH_4^+) • Dative (coordinate) covalent bond (one of the N-H bonds in NH_4^+) That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.