Explain the following. Homologous series Saturated Unsaturated . What's the Boiling point and melting point of methane, ethane, propane , butane .

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Homologous Series
A homologous series is a family of organic compounds that have the same general formula, similar chemical properties due to the same functional group, and show a gradual change in physical properties as the length of the carbon chain increases. Each successive member in the series differs by a -CH₂ unit. For example, alkanes (methane, ethane, propane) form a homologous series.

Saturated
In organic chemistry, a compound is saturated if it contains only single bonds between its carbon atoms. This means that each carbon atom is bonded to the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms, or other atoms, and there are no carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. Alkanes are examples of saturated hydrocarbons.

Unsaturated
An unsaturated compound is an organic compound that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds. These compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms than their corresponding saturated counterparts and can undergo addition reactions. Alkenes (with double bonds) and alkynes (with triple bonds) are examples of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Boiling Point and Melting Point of Alkanes

• Methane (CH₄) Melting Point: -182.5 °C Boiling Point: -161.5 °C
• Ethane (C₂H₆) Melting Point: -183 °C Boiling Point: -89 °C
• Propane (C₃H₈) Melting Point: -187.7 °C Boiling Point: -42.1 °C
• Butane (C₄H₁₀) Melting Point: -138.4 °C Boiling Point: -0.5 °C

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