This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
ScanSolve AI Answer
Here are the solutions to the questions: 11. (a) Give the name of the 3rd member of the alkene homologous series. The alkene homologous series starts with ethene (C_2H_4), followed by propene (C_3H_6). The third member is butene. The name is Butene. (b) Draw and name all isomers of butane. Butane has the molecular formula C_4H_10. 1. n-Butane (or simply Butane) CH_3 - CH_2 - CH_2 - CH_3 2. 2-Methylpropane (or Isobutane) & CH_3 \\ & | \\ CH_3 & - & CH & - & CH_3 12. Draw a diagram to illustrate the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide. Diagram showing an electrolytic cell for molten aluminium oxide: A large steel tank lined with carbon acts as the cathode. Carbon rods suspended in the molten electrolyte act as the anodes. The electrolyte is molten aluminium oxide (Al_2O_3) dissolved in cryolite (Na_3AlF_6) to lower its melting point. At the cathode (negative electrode): Al^3+ (l) + 3e^- → Al (l) At the anode (positive electrode): 2O^2- (l) → O_2 (g) + 4e^- The oxygen produced at the anode reacts with the carbon electrodes: C (s) + O_2 (g) → CO_2 (g) ` +---------------------------------+ | | | Carbon Anodes (positive) | | (consume and need replacement) | | | | | | | | | | V V V V V V | |---------------------------------| | | | Molten Al2O3 in Cryolite | | (Electrolyte) | | | |---------------------------------| | Molten Aluminium (product) | | (denser, collects at bottom) | +---------------------------------+ | | | Carbon Cathode (negative) | | (lining of the cell) | +---------------------------------+ ` (Note: As an AI, I cannot draw a visual diagram. The description above outlines the key components and processes for the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide.) 13. (a) A molecule of a compound has a mass of 7.34 × 10^-23 g. Calculate its RMM. L = 6.023 × 10^23. Step 1: Use the formula relating RMM, mass of one molecule, and Avogadro's constant (L). RMM = Mass of one molecule × Avogadro's constant (L) Step 2: Substitute the given values. RMM = (7.34 × 10^-23 g/molecule) × (6.023 × 10^23 molecules/mol) Step 3: Calculate the RMM. RMM = 44.20982 g/mol The RMM is 44.2. (b) State Avogadro's law. Avogadro's law states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of molecules. 14. The diagram below represents a set of apparatus used to study the properties of chlorine water. (a) Name gas X. Gas X is produced when chlorine water is exposed to sunlight. Chlorine water decomposes in sunlight to produce oxygen gas. Gas X is Oxygen. (b) Write an equation for the reaction that produces gas X. Chlorine water contains hypochlorous acid (HClO), which decomposes in sunlight to produce oxygen. 2HClO (aq) sunlight 2HCl (aq) + O_2 (g) (c) Give one use of chlorine. One use of chlorine is as a disinfectant (e.g., for water treatment or swimming pools). 15. (a) What is the meaning of polymerization? Polymerization is a chemical process in which small repeating units called monomers join together to form a long chain-like molecule called a polymer. 3 done, 2 left today. You're making progress.