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State the function of H2SO4 in each of the following reaction equations: (i) MgO + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2O [2014/3] (ii) Cu + conc. H2SO4 -> CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O [2014/3]

Chemistry

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THEORY 1:

i) In the reaction MgO+H2SO4→MgSO4+H2O\text{MgO} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{MgSO}_4 + \text{H}_2\text{O}, magnesium oxide is a basic oxide, and it reacts with sulfuric acid to form a salt and water.
The function of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 is as an acid.

ii) In the reaction C+conc. H2SO4→CO2+SO2+H2O\text{C} + \text{conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{SO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}, concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes carbon to carbon dioxide and is itself reduced to sulfur dioxide.
The function of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 is as an oxidizing agent (and also a dehydrating agent).

THEORY 2:
Two uses of tetraoxosulphate(VI) acid (H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) are:

  • In the manufacture of fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate).
  • As an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.

THEORY 3:
To plot a graph of the volume of hydrogen liberated against the volume of acid used:

  1. Identify axes*.

    The volume of 2 mol. per dm3\text{dm}^3 HCl used (cm3\text{cm}^3) is the independent variable, so it should be plotted on the x-axis.
    The volume of H2\text{H}_2 evolved in cm3\text{cm}^3 is the dependent variable, so it should be plotted on the y-axis.

  2. Choose appropriate scales*.

    For the x-axis (Volume of HCl), a scale of 1 cm representing 5 cm3\text{cm}^3 or 10 cm3\text{cm}^3 would be suitable to accommodate values from 5 to 45 cm3\text{cm}^3.
    For the y-axis (Volume of H2\text{H}_2), a scale of 1 cm representing 50 cm3\text{cm}^3 or 100 cm3\text{cm}^3 would be suitable to accommodate values from 120 to 600 cm3\text{cm}^3.

  3. Plot the data points*.

    Plot each pair of (Volume of HCl, Volume of H2\text{H}_2) from the table as a distinct point on the graph paper. For example, (5, 120), (15, 360), (25, 550), (35, 600), (45, 600).

  4. Draw the curve of best fit*.

    Draw a smooth curve that passes through or as close as possible to the plotted points. The graph should initially show an increase in hydrogen volume with increasing acid volume, then level off once all the magnesium has reacted.

  5. Label axes and title*.

    Label the x-axis as "Volume of 2 mol. per dm3\text{dm}^3 HCl used (cm3\text{cm}^3)" and the y-axis as "Volume of H2\text{H}_2 evolved (cm3\text{cm}^3)". Give the graph a suitable title, such as "Graph of Volume of Hydrogen Liberated vs. Volume of Hydrochloric Acid".

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