This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to the questions based on the image provided. b) (i) Name substance (I) K: K reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)_2) and Gas L. Gas L is identified as C_2H_2 (ethyne) because it reacts with 1 mole of H_2 to form C_2H_4 (ethene). The reaction of calcium carbide with water produces calcium hydroxide and ethyne. CaC_2(s) + 2H_2O(l) → Ca(OH)_2(aq) + C_2H_2(g) Therefore, K is calcium carbide. Calcium carbide (II) M: Gas L (C_2H_2, ethyne) reacts with 2 moles of Cl_2 to form M. This is an addition reaction where the triple bond breaks, and chlorine atoms add to the carbons. C_2H_2(g) + 2Cl_2(g) → C_2H_2Cl_4(l) The product M is 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (III) N: C_2H_4 (ethene) undergoes Step V with KMnO_4/H^+. This is the oxidation of an alkene by acidified potassium permanganate, which forms a diol. CH_2=CH_2 + [O] + H_2O KMnO_4/H^+ CH_2OH-CH_2OH The product N is ethane-1,2-diol. Ethane-1,2-diol b) (ii) Name the catalyst used in step (IV) Step IV shows the reaction of C_2H_4 (ethene) with H_2O to form CH_3CH_2OH (ethanol). This is the hydration of ethene. The catalyst used for this reaction is typically concentrated phosphoric(V) acid or sulfuric acid. Phosphoric(V) acid b) (iii) Draw the structural formula of (I) M: M is 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (C_2H_2Cl_4). & Cl Cl \\ & | | \\ Cl&-C-C-Cl \\ & | | \\ & H H (II) N: N is ethane-1,2-diol (CH_2OH-CH_2OH). & H H \\ & | | \\ H&-C-C-H \\ & | | \\ & OH OH c) Complete combustion of one mole of a hydrocarbon produced four moles of carbon (IV) oxide and four moles of water. Step 1: Write the general equation for the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon C_xH_y. C_xH_y + (x + (y)/(4))O_2 → xCO_2 + (y)/(2)H_2O Step 2: Use the given information to find x and y. One mole of hydrocarbon produces 4 moles of CO_2. Comparing with the general equation, x = 4. One mole of hydrocarbon produces 4 moles of H_2O. Comparing with the general equation, (y)/(2) = 4. Solving for y: y = 4 × 2 = 8. Step 3: Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon. The molecular formula is C_xH_y = C_4H_8. C_4H_8 That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.