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II. Write an equation for the reaction in which sodium hydroxide was produced. (b) If the mass of hydrogen gas produced was 50litres start. Calculate the mass of solution. (2mks)

Chemistry

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Haya, tuendelee na maswali haya!

Part i

Matumizi mawili ya sodiamu hidroksidi

  • Hutumika katika utengenezaji wa sabuni na sabuni za kufulia.
  • Hutumika katika utengenezaji wa karatasi na nguo.

Part ii

Sababu mbili za kuchakata tena zebaki (mercury)

  • Zebaki ni sumu kali na inaweza kusababisha madhara makubwa kiafya, ikiwemo uharibifu wa mfumo wa neva.
  • Ni kichafuzi cha mazingira kinachojikusanya katika mnyororo wa chakula, hivyo kuchakata tena hupunguza uchafuzi.

Part iii

Andika mlinganyo wa kemikali kwa mmenyuko unaozalisha sodiamu hidroksidi

Sodiamu hidroksidi huzalishwa kwa njia ya elektrolisisi ya brine (sodium chloride solution).

2NaCl(aq)+2H2O(l)→electrolysis2NaOH(aq)+Cl2(g)+H2(g)2\text{NaCl(aq)} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \xrightarrow{\text{electrolysis}} 2\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{Cl}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}

2NaCl(aq) + 2H_2O(l) \to 2NaOH(aq) + Cl_2(g) + H_2(g)

Part b· 3 steps

Kokotoa masi ya sodiamu hidroksidi iliyoundwa

Tunachukulia kuwa "50 litres start" inamaanisha kiasi cha gesi ya hidrojeni iliyozalishwa ni lita 50, na kwamba hali ni za kawaida (STP) ambapo kiasi cha moli moja ya gesi ni 22.4 L.

  1. Kokotoa moli za gesi ya hidrojeni (H2\text{H}_2).

    Moli za H2=Kiasi cha H2Kiasi cha moli moja (STP)\text{Moli za H}_2 = \frac{\text{Kiasi cha H}_2}{\text{Kiasi cha moli moja (STP)}} Moli za H2=50 L22.4 L/mol≈2.232 mol\text{Moli za H}_2 = \frac{50 \text{ L}}{22.4 \text{ L/mol}} \approx 2.232 \text{ mol}

  2. Tumia uwiano wa moli kutoka kwa mlinganyo uliosawazishwa ili kupata moli za sodiamu hidroksidi (NaOH).

    Kutoka kwa mlinganyo: 2NaCl(aq)+2H2O(l)→2NaOH(aq)+Cl2(g)+H2(g)2\text{NaCl(aq)} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \to 2\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{Cl}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}
    Uwiano wa moli wa H2:NaOH\text{H}_2 : \text{NaOH} ni 1:21:2.

    Moli za NaOH=2×Moli za H2\text{Moli za NaOH} = 2 \times \text{Moli za H}_2 Moli za NaOH=2×2.232 mol=4.464 mol\text{Moli za NaOH} = 2 \times 2.232 \text{ mol} = 4.464 \text{ mol}

  3. Kokotoa masi ya sodiamu hidroksidi (NaOH).

    Masi ya moli ya NaOH = Na + O + H = 23.0+16.0+1.0=40.0 g/mol23.0 + 16.0 + 1.0 = 40.0 \text{ g/mol}.

    Masi ya NaOH=Moli za NaOH×Masi ya moli ya NaOH\text{Masi ya NaOH} = \text{Moli za NaOH} \times \text{Masi ya moli ya NaOH} Masi ya NaOH=4.464 mol×40.0 g/mol=178.56 g\text{Masi ya NaOH} = 4.464 \text{ mol} \times 40.0 \text{ g/mol} = 178.56 \text{ g}

    Kuzungusha hadi tarakimu muhimu tatu:

    Masi ya NaOH≈179 g\text{Masi ya NaOH} \approx 179 \text{ g}

    179 g

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