Write in the boxes, the names of the species in the following reaction of alkyne with bromine. Also name the following structures (IUPAC) and identify the type of compound: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3, CH3-C≡

Q17. Write in the boxes, the names of the species in the following reaction of alkyne with bromine.

Step 1: Identify the reactants and products.
The reaction starts with ethyne ($\text{CH}\equiv\text{CH}$) and bromine ($\text{Br}_2$).
The first product shown is $\text{CH(Br)}=\text{CH(Br)}$, which is 1,2-dibromoethene.
This product then reacts with another molecule of $\text{Br}_2$ to form $\text{CH(Br}_2)\text{-CH(Br}_2)$, which is 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane.

The names of the species are:

$$\text{CH}\equiv\text{CH} + \text{Br}_2 \longrightarrow \boxed{\text{1,2-dibromoethene}} + \text{Br}_2 \longrightarrow \boxed{\text{1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane}}$$

Name the following structures (IUPAC) and identify the type of compound:

Q18. $\text{CH}_3\text{-CH(CH}_3)\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3$
IUPAC Name: 2-methylpentane
Type of compound: Alkane

Q19. $\text{CH}_3\text{-C}\equiv\text{C-CH}_3$
IUPAC Name: But-2-yne
Type of compound: Alkyne

Q20. $\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH(CH}_3)\text{-CH}=\text{CH}_2$
IUPAC Name: 3-methylpent-1-ene
Type of compound: Alkene

Q21. $\text{CH}_3\text{-CH(OH)-CH}_2\text{-CH}_3$
IUPAC Name: Butan-2-ol
Type of compound: Alcohol

Q22. $\text{CH}_3\text{-CH}_2\text{-CH}_2\text{-COOH}$
IUPAC Name: Butanoic acid
Type of compound: Carboxylic acid

PART C: EXTENDED RESPONSES
Explain the following terms/phrases.

Q21. Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar into acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen. It typically occurs in yeast and bacteria, and also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, to generate energy.

Q22. Polymerization
Polymerization is a chemical process where small molecules called monomers react together to form a long chain or network of repeating units called a polymer. This reaction involves the formation of covalent bonds between the monomer units.

Q23. Cracking
Cracking is the process of breaking down large, complex hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, simpler hydrocarbon molecules. This is typically achieved by applying heat and/or catalysts, and it is used in the petroleum industry to produce more valuable lighter fractions like gasoline from heavier crude oil fractions.