This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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a) Name a single reagent that could be used to distinguish between each of the following pairs of solutions: a) (i) Na_2CO_3(aq) and Na_2SO_4(aq) Step 1: Carbonates react with acids to produce carbon dioxide gas, while sulfates do not. Step 2: Add dilute hydrochloric acid. Na_2CO_3 will produce effervescence, while Na_2SO_4 will not. Reagent: Dilute hydrochloric acid a) (ii) KNO_3(aq) and KCl(aq) Step 1: Chloride ions form a precipitate with silver ions, while nitrate ions do not. Step 2: Add silver nitrate solution. KCl will form a white precipitate of silver chloride, while KNO_3 will show no reaction. Reagent: Silver nitrate solution a) (iii) Al_2(SO_4)_3(aq) and K_2SO_4(aq) Step 1: Aluminium ions form a white gelatinous precipitate with aqueous ammonia, while potassium ions do not. Step 2: Add aqueous ammonia. Al_2(SO_4)_3 will form a white gelatinous precipitate, while K_2SO_4 will show no reaction. Reagent: Aqueous ammonia a) (iv) Ca(NO_3)_2(aq) and Cu(NO_3)_2(aq) Step 1: Copper(II) ions form a blue precipitate with hydroxide ions, while calcium ions form a white precipitate. Step 2: Add sodium hydroxide solution. Cu(NO_3)_2 will form a blue precipitate, while Ca(NO_3)_2 will form a white precipitate. Reagent: Sodium hydroxide solution b) Name the indicator most suitable for the titration of each of the following pairs of solutions: b) (i) CH_3COOH(aq) and NaOH(aq) Step 1: This is a titration between a weak acid (CH_3COOH) and a strong base (NaOH). Step 2: The equivalence point for this titration is in the basic pH range. Indicator: Phenolphthalein b) (ii) HNO_3(aq) and NH_3(aq) Step 1: This is a titration between a strong acid (HNO_3) and a weak base (NH_3). Step 2: The equivalence point for this titration is in the acidic pH range. Indicator: Methyl orange c) Name two pieces of apparatus that are used in a titration experiment. Step 1: Titration requires precise measurement and dispensing of solutions. Step 2: The burette is used to dispense the titrant, and the pipette is used to measure a precise volume of the analyte. Apparatus: 1. Burette 2. Pipette Send me the next one 📸