Non polar and polar in chemistry

Nonpolar molecules have an even distribution of electron density, meaning there is no significant separation of charge across the molecule. This often occurs in molecules with identical atoms bonded together (like O₂) or molecules with symmetrical arrangements of polar bonds (like CO₂).

Polar molecules have an uneven distribution of electron density, resulting in a partial positive charge (δ+) on one end of the molecule and a partial negative charge (δ-) on the other. This happens when atoms with different electronegativities bond together, and the molecular geometry does not allow for the cancellation of these bond dipoles (like H₂O).