This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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here are the answers to the questions: 1. B Step 1: Understand the terms "polar bonds" and "non-polar molecule". A molecule has polar bonds if there is a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms. A molecule is non-polar if its overall dipole moment is zero, meaning the individual bond dipoles cancel out due to molecular symmetry. Step 2: Analyze the given options. Sulphur(IV) oxide (SO_2) has polar S-O bonds and a bent shape, making it a polar molecule. Carbon(IV) oxide (CO_2) has polar C-O bonds. However, its linear geometry means the two equal and opposite bond dipoles cancel each other out, resulting in a non-polar molecule. Ammonia (NH_3) has polar N-H bonds and a trigonal pyramidal shape, making it a polar molecule. Water (H_2O) has polar O-H bonds and a bent shape, making it a polar molecule. Therefore, the molecule with polar bonds but a non-polar overall structure is Carbon(IV) oxide. 2. B Step 1: Recall the definition of an alkyl group. An alkyl group is a functional group derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom. Step 2: Recall the general formula for an alkane. The general formula for an alkane is C_nH_2n+2. Step 3: Derive the general formula for an alkyl group. By removing one hydrogen atom from an alkane, the general formula for an alkyl group becomes C_nH_2n+1. The general formula of an alkyl group is C_nH_2n+1. 3. A Step 1: Analyze the given chemical equation. The equation is MgCl_2 + 2H_2O → Mg(OH)_2 + 2HCl. In this reaction, a salt (MgCl_2) reacts with water (H_2O) to produce a base (Mg(OH)_2) and an acid (HCl). Step 2: Define the reaction types in the options. Hydrolysis* is a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a substance to break it down into two or more new substances. Hydration* is the process of adding water molecules to a substance, often forming a hydrate, without necessarily breaking the original compound. Neutralization* is the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. Ionization* is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, or by the dissociation of a molecule into ions. Step 3: Match the reaction to the definition. The reaction of MgCl_2 with water to form Mg(OH)_2 and HCl is a classic example of a salt undergoing hydrolysis. The reaction represented by the equation is hydrolysis. Drop the next question.