On the graph below sketch and label the curves of the volumes of Carbon (IV) Oxide produced against time.

Ili kuchora na kuweka lebo kwenye grafu, tunazingatia viwango vya mmenyuko wa asidi kali (nitric acid) na asidi dhaifu (ethanoic acid) na sodium carbonate.

• Nitric acid ni asidi kali, hivyo humenyuka haraka zaidi. Curve yake itapanda kwa kasi na kufikia kiwango cha juu cha Carbon (IV) Oxide kwa muda mfupi.
• Ethanoic acid ni asidi dhaifu, hivyo humenyuka polepole zaidi. Curve yake itapanda polepole zaidi kuliko ile ya nitric acid na itachukua muda mrefu kufikia kiwango kile kile cha juu cha Carbon (IV) Oxide.
• Kwa kuwa kiasi cha asidi kinachotumika kinadhaniwa kuwa sawa na sodium carbonate iko kwa ziada, kiasi cha jumla cha Carbon (IV) Oxide kinachozalishwa kitakuwa sawa kwa asidi zote mbili.

Hivyo, grafu itakuwa na curves mbili zinazoanzia kwenye asili (0,0) na kuishia kwenye kiwango kile kile cha juu cha Volume ya CO$_2$.

Mchoro wa Grafu:

\begin{array}{l} Volume of CO_2 (cm^3) \\ \uparrow \\ | \quad Curve ya Nitric Acid (inapanda haraka, inafikia kiwango cha juu mapema) \\ | \quad \quad Curve ya Ethanoic Acid (inapanda polepole, inafikia kiwango cha juu baadaye) \\ | \quad \quad \quad Kiwango cha juu cha CO_2 (sawa kwa curves zote mbili) \\ | \quad \quad \quad \quad \text{--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Jibu la Swali la 2(b):** Kwenye grafu iliyotolewa, curves mbili zinapaswa kuchorwa na kuwekewa lebo kama ifuatavyo: 1. **Curve ya Nitric Acid (Asidi ya Nitriki):** * Anza curve kutoka asili (0,0). * Chora curve ikipanda kwa kasi mwanzoni, ikionyesha kiwango cha juu cha mmenyuko. * Kisha, curve inapaswa kuanza kupungua kasi na hatimaye kuwa tambarare (flat) inapoishia, ikionyesha kuwa mmenyuko umekamilika na kiasi cha juu cha Carbon (IV) Oxide kimezalishwa. * Weka lebo kwenye curve hii kama "**Nitric Acid**". 2. **Curve ya Ethanoic Acid (Asidi ya Ethanoiki):** * Anza curve kutoka asili (0,0). * Chora curve ikipanda polepole zaidi kuliko curve ya Nitric Acid, ikionyesha kiwango cha chini cha mmenyuko. * Curve hii pia inapaswa kuanza kupungua kasi na hatimaye kuwa tambarare (flat) inapoishia. * Muhimu: Curve hii inapaswa kufikia **kiwango kile kile cha juu** cha Volume ya CO$_2$ kama curve ya Nitric Acid, lakini itachukua muda mrefu zaidi kufikia kiwango hicho. * Weka lebo kwenye curve hii kama "**Ethanoic Acid**". Kwa muhtasari, curve ya Nitric Acid itakuwa **steep** zaidi mwanzoni na kufikia kiwango cha juu cha CO$_2$ **mapema** zaidi, huku curve ya Ethanoic Acid ikiwa **less steep** na kufikia kiwango hicho cha juu **baadaye**.