i. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the laboratory preparation of carbon (IV) oxide from marble. ii…

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i. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the laboratory preparation of carbon (IV) oxide from marble. ii. Write the equation for the reaction in (b)i. iii. Give two uses of carbon (IV) oxide.

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b) i. To illustrate the laboratory preparation of carbon (IV) oxide from marble, the setup involves:

A flat-bottom flask or conical flask containing marble chips ( $CaCO_3$ ).
A thistle funnel or dropping funnel inserted through a rubber stopper into the flask, with its lower end submerged in the marble chips, used to add dilute hydrochloric acid ( $HCl$ ).
A delivery tube also inserted through the stopper, leading from the reaction flask.
The delivery tube passes through a wash bottle containing water to remove any acid spray.
After the wash bottle, the gas passes through a drying tower or drying bottle containing a drying agent such as concentrated sulfuric acid or anhydrous calcium chloride to remove moisture.
Finally, the dry carbon (IV) oxide gas is collected in a gas jar by the downward displacement of air, as it is denser than air.

b) ii. The equation for the reaction in (b) is:

Identify the reactants and products.
Marble is calcium carbonate ( $CaCO_3$ ), and it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid ( $HCl$ ) to produce calcium chloride ( $CaCl_2$ ), water ( $H_2O$ ), and carbon (IV) oxide ( $CO_2$ ).
Write the unbalanced equation.
$CaCO_3(s) + HCl(aq) \longrightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g)$
Balance the equation.
Two hydrogen atoms are needed on the left side to balance the two chlorine atoms and the hydrogen atoms in water.
$\boxed{CaCO_3(s) + 2HCl(aq) \longrightarrow CaCl_2(aq) + H_2O(l) + CO_2(g)}$
b) iii. Two uses of carbon (IV) oxide are:
- It is used in fire extinguishers because it is non-flammable and denser than air, thus smothering flames.
- It is used to carbonate soft drinks and other beverages, giving them their fizz.

I. Draw a labelled diagram to illustrate the laboratory preparation of carbon (IV) oxide from marble. ii. Write the equation for the reaction in (b)i. iii. Give two uses of carbon (IV) oxide.

Step-by-step solution

Identify the reactants and products.

Write the unbalanced equation.

Balance the equation.

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