Which theory is used to explain the shapes of simple covalent bonds or ions

Chemistry

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The theory used to explain the shapes of simple covalent bonds or ions is the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

VSEPR theory states that electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs) in the valence shell of a central atom repel each other and will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize these repulsions. This arrangement determines the geometry or shape of the molecule or ion.

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