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Calculate the pH using the relationship between pH and pOH.

Chemistry

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1. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in orange juice with pOH of 11.40.

  1. Calculate the pH using the relationship between pH and pOH.

    pH+pOH=14\text{pH} + \text{pOH} = 14 pH=14−pOH\text{pH} = 14 - \text{pOH} pH=14−11.40\text{pH} = 14 - 11.40 pH=2.60\text{pH} = 2.60
  2. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+][\text{H}^+]) from the pH.

    pH=−log⁡10[H+]\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}^+] [H+]=10−pH[\text{H}^+] = 10^{-\text{pH}} [H+]=10−2.60[\text{H}^+] = 10^{-2.60} [H+]=2.51×10−3 mol/dm3[\text{H}^+] = 2.51 \times 10^{-3} \text{ mol/dm}^3

    The concentration of hydrogen ion is 2.51×10−3 mol/dm3\boxed{\text{}2.51 \times 10^{-3} \text{ mol/dm}^3\text{}}.

    2. Find the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in a 0.02 M0.02 \text{ M} solution of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4.

  3. Write the dissociation equation for sulfuric acid (H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4).

    Sulfuric acid is a strong acid and dissociates completely.

    H2SO4(aq)⟶2H+(aq)+SO42−(aq)\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4(aq) \longrightarrow 2\text{H}^+(aq) + \text{SO}_4^{2-}(aq)
  4. Determine the hydrogen ion concentration ([H+][\text{H}^+]).

    Since each mole of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 produces 2 moles of H+\text{H}^+ ions:

    [H+]=2×[H2SO4][\text{H}^+] = 2 \times [\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4] [H+]=2×0.02 M[\text{H}^+] = 2 \times 0.02 \text{ M} [H+]=0.04 M[\text{H}^+] = 0.04 \text{ M}
  5. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration ([OH−][\text{OH}^-]) using the ion product of water (KwK_w).

    At 25∘C25^\circ\text{C}, Kw=[H+][OH−]=1.0×10−14 M2K_w = [\text{H}^+][\text{OH}^-] = 1.0 \times 10^{-14} \text{ M}^2.

    [OH−]=Kw[H+][\text{OH}^-] = \frac{K_w}{[\text{H}^+]} [OH−]=1.0×10−14 M20.04 M[\text{OH}^-] = \frac{1.0 \times 10^{-14} \text{ M}^2}{0.04 \text{ M}} [OH−]=2.5×10−13 M[\text{OH}^-] = 2.5 \times 10^{-13} \text{ M}

    The hydrogen ion concentration is 0.04 M\boxed{\text{}0.04 \text{ M}\text{}}, and the hydroxide ion concentration is 2.5×10−13 M\boxed{\text{}2.5 \times 10^{-13} \text{ M}\text{}}.

    3. Find the pH in which the hydrogen ion concentration is 6.38×10−6 mol/dm36.38 \times 10^{-6} \text{ mol/dm}^3.

  6. Use the definition of pH.

    pH=−log⁡10[H+]\text{pH} = -\log_{10}[\text{H}^+]
  7. Substitute the given hydrogen ion concentration and calculate the pH.

    pH=−log⁡10(6.38×10−6)\text{pH} = -\log_{10}(6.38 \times 10^{-6}) pH=−(−5.195)\text{pH} = -(-5.195) pH=5.195\text{pH} = 5.195

    The pH is 5.195\boxed{\text{}5.195\text{}}.

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