Describe the reactions of chloroethane shown in the image.

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Here is a detailed breakdown of the synthetic route shown in the image:

I. Reactions starting from Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ):

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3$ )
- Reagents: $\text{H}_2$ with a catalyst (e.g., $\text{Pt}$ , $\text{Pd}$ , or $\text{Ni}$ )
- Conditions: Heat (e.g., 150°C)
- Reaction Type: Reduction (Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{H}_2 \xrightarrow{\text{Ni/Pt/Pd, 150°C}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3 + \text{HCl}$
From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )
- Reagents: Alcoholic KOH
- Conditions: Heat (reflux)
- Reaction Type: Elimination (Dehydrohalogenation)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{KOH (alc)} \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{KCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )
- Reagents: Aqueous KOH
- Conditions: Heat (reflux)
- Reaction Type: Nucleophilic Substitution
- Equation: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{KOH (aq)} \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{KCl}$
II. Reactions starting from Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ):
From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )
- Reagents: Concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ or $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$
- Conditions: Heat (170°C for $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ , 350°C for $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ )
- Reaction Type: Dehydration (Elimination)
- Equation (using $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ ): $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{Conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4, 170°C} \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethanoic Acid ( $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ )
- Reagents: Acidified potassium permanganate ( $\text{KMnO}_4/\text{H}^+$ ) or acidified potassium dichromate ( $\text{K}_2\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7/\text{H}^+$ )
- Conditions: Heat (reflux)
- Reaction Type: Oxidation
- Equation (using $\text{KMnO}_4$ ): $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + 2[\text{O}] \xrightarrow{\text{KMnO}_4/\text{H}^+, \text{Heat}} \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )
- Reagents: HCl (often with anhydrous $\text{ZnCl}_2$ as a catalyst, Lucas reagent) or $\text{PCl}_5$ or $\text{SOCl}_2$
- Conditions: Heat (if using HCl)
- Reaction Type: Nucleophilic Substitution
- Equation (using HCl): $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{HCl} \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{H}_2\text{O}$
III. Reactions starting from Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ):
From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )
- Reagents: HCl
- Conditions: Room temperature
- Reaction Type: Electrophilic Addition (Hydrohalogenation)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$
From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )
- Reagents: Steam ( $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ ) with an acid catalyst (e.g., $\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4$ )
- Conditions: High temperature, high pressure
- Reaction Type: Electrophilic Addition (Hydration)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_3\text{PO}_4, \text{Heat/Pressure}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$
From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to 1,2-Dichloroethane ( $\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}-\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )
- Reagents: $\text{Cl}_2$
- Conditions: Room temperature, dark
- Reaction Type: Electrophilic Addition (Halogenation)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_2\text{Cl}-\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$
From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethane-1,2-diol ( $\text{CH}_2\text{OH}-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )
- Reagents: Cold, dilute, alkaline $\text{KMnO}_4$ (Baeyer's reagent)
- Conditions: Cold, dilute, alkaline
- Reaction Type: Oxidation (Dihydroxylation)
- Equation: $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2 + [\text{O}] + \text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{Cold, dil. KMnO}_4} \text{CH}_2\text{OH}-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$
IV. Additional Reactions/Sequences shown at the bottom:
Sequence: Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )
- Step 1: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} \xrightarrow{\text{NaOH}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$
  
  Reagents: Aqueous NaOH
  
  Conditions: Heat (reflux)
  
  Reaction Type: Nucleophilic Substitution
  
  Equation: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl} + \text{NaOH (aq)} \xrightarrow{\text{Heat}} \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} + \text{NaCl}$
- Step 2: $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+, \text{warm}} \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$
  
  Note: The reagent $\text{H}_2\text{O}/\text{H}^+$ is typically for hydration of alkenes. For dehydration of alcohol to alkene, concentrated acid (e.g., $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ ) and heat are used. Assuming this refers to acid-catalyzed dehydration:
  
  Reagents: Concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ (or $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ )
  
  Conditions: Heat (e.g., 170°C)
  
  Reaction Type: Dehydration (Elim

Describe the reactions of chloroethane shown in the image.

Step-by-step solution

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3$ )

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethanoic Acid ( $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to 1,2-Dichloroethane ( $\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}-\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethane-1,2-diol ( $\text{CH}_2\text{OH}-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

Sequence: Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )

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Describe the reactions of chloroethane shown in the image.

Step-by-step solution

From Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl) to Ethane (CH3CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3CH3​CH3​)

From Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl) to Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​)

From Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl) to Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH)

From Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH) to Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​)

From Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH) to Ethanoic Acid (CH3COOH\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}CH3​COOH)

From Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH) to Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl)

From Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​) to Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl)

From Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​) to Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH)

From Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​) to 1,2-Dichloroethane (CH2Cl−CH2Cl\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}-\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH2​Cl−CH2​Cl)

From Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​) to Ethane-1,2-diol (CH2OH−CH2OH\text{CH}_2\text{OH}-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH2​OH−CH2​OH)

Sequence: Chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}CH3​CH2​Cl) to Ethanol (CH3CH2OH\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}CH3​CH2​OH) to Ethene (CH2=CH2\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2CH2​=CH2​)

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More Chemistry Questions

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_3$ )

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )

From Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethanoic Acid ( $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ )

From Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to 1,2-Dichloroethane ( $\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}-\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ )

From Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ ) to Ethane-1,2-diol ( $\text{CH}_2\text{OH}-\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ )

Sequence: Chloroethane ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{Cl}$ ) to Ethanol ( $\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{OH}$ ) to Ethene ( $\text{CH}_2=\text{CH}_2$ )