Describe sulfur and chlorine in terms of appearance, state (solid, liquid, or gas), and melting/boiling points, with reasoning for the latter.

Here are the answers to the questions about sulfur and chlorine:

1. Describe the appearance of each of these non-metals. Are they shiny or dull?

   • Sulfur (a): It is a yellow, flaky solid. It has a dull appearance.
   • Chlorine (b): It is a yellowish-green gas.

2. Are they solids, liquids or gases?

   • Sulfur: It is a solid at room temperature.
   • Chlorine: It is a gas at room temperature.

3. Do you think sulfur and chlorine have high melting and boiling points, or low melting and boiling points? Give a reason for your answer.

   • Both sulfur and chlorine have low melting and boiling points compared to metals.
   • Reason: Non-metals like sulfur and chlorine typically exist as simple molecular structures (e.g., $\text{S}_8$ for sulfur, $\text{Cl}_2$ for chlorine). The forces between these molecules (intermolecular forces) are weak and require little energy to overcome, resulting in low melting and boiling points.