What is the difference in the body's reaction to a single large dose versus multiple smaller doses of a…

Question

What is the difference in the body's reaction to a single large dose versus multiple smaller doses of a substance, and what is the electron configuration of oxygen and how is hydrogen gas combusted wi

ScanSolve AI Tutor · Accepted Answer

Here are the solutions for questions 9, 18, and 19.

9)
The body reacts differently to a single large dose compared to multiple smaller doses due to the body's ability to metabolize and excrete substances. A single large dose can overwhelm the body's detoxification pathways, leading to a high concentration of the substance in the bloodstream and tissues, which increases the risk of acute toxicity. Smaller doses spread over time allow the body's enzymes and organs (like the liver and kidneys) to process and eliminate the substance more effectively between doses, preventing accumulation and reducing the peak concentration, thereby lowering the overall toxicological risk.

18. a)
Oxygen (Z=8) has 8 electrons.
The s, p electron configuration for the Oxygen atom is:

\boxed{\text{1s}^2 \text{2s}^2 \text{2p}^4}

18. b)
The reaction between Hydrogen gas ( $\text{H}_2$ ) and Oxygen gas ( $\text{O}_2$ ) produces water vapor ( $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ ).

Write the unbalanced equation with state symbols.
$\text{H}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{H}_2\text{O}(g)$
Balance the oxygen atoms.
There are 2 O atoms on the left and 1 on the right. Add a coefficient of 2 to $\text{H}_2\text{O}$ .
$\text{H}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(g)$
Balance the hydrogen atoms.
There are 2 H atoms on the left and 4 on the right. Add a coefficient of 2 to $\text{H}_2$ .
$2\text{H}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(g)$
The balanced chemical equation is:
$\boxed{\text{2H}_2(g) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O}(g)}$
19. a)
Magnesium (Z=12) has 12 electrons.
The electron configuration is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2$ .
The box orbital diagram for magnesium is:
$\boxed{\begin{array}{c c c c c c c} \text{1s} & \text{2s} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\text{2p}} & \text{3s} \\ \uparrow\downarrow & \uparrow\downarrow & \uparrow\downarrow & \uparrow\downarrow & \uparrow\downarrow & \uparrow\downarrow \end{array}}$
19. b)
Magnesium hydroxide ( $\text{Mg(OH)}_2$ ) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form magnesium chloride and water.
Magnesium is in Group 2, so it forms a $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ ion.
Chloride is from HCl, so it forms a $\text{Cl}^-$ ion.
To form a neutral compound, one $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ ion combines with two $\text{Cl}^-$ ions.
The formula for magnesium chloride is:
$\boxed{\text{MgCl}_2}$

What is the difference in the body's reaction to a single large dose versus multiple smaller doses of a substance, and what is the electron configuration of oxygen and how is hydrogen gas combusted wi

Step-by-step solution

Write the unbalanced equation with state symbols.

Balance the oxygen atoms.

Balance the hydrogen atoms.

Still stuck on this one?

More Chemistry Questions