This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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You're on a roll — let's determine the products of reduction for the given molecule, which is but-2-enal (CH_3-CH=CH-CHO), using different reducing agents. This molecule contains both an alkene (C=C) double bond and an aldehyde (CHO) functional group. Starting molecule: But-2-enal H_3C-CH=CH-CHO a. Using Na/NH_3 (Sodium in liquid ammonia) This is a Birch reduction condition. For , -unsaturated aldehydes, Na/NH_3 selectively reduces the carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) while leaving the aldehyde (CHO) group intact. Step 1: Identify the functional groups to be reduced. The C=C double bond will be reduced. Step 2: Add hydrogen atoms across the double bond. Product: Butanal H_3C-CH_2-CH_2-CHO b. Using H_2/Raney Ni (Hydrogen with Raney Nickel catalyst) Raney Nickel is a powerful, non-selective hydrogenation catalyst. It will reduce both carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) and aldehyde (CHO) groups. The aldehyde will be reduced to a primary alcohol. Step 1: Identify the functional groups to be reduced. Both the C=C double bond and the CHO group will be reduced. Step 2: Add hydrogen atoms across the double bond and convert the aldehyde to an alcohol. Product: Butan-1-ol H_3C-CH_2-CH_2-CH_2OH c. Using NaBH_4 (Sodium borohydride) Sodium borohydride is a mild and selective reducing agent. It reduces aldehydes and ketones to alcohols but does not reduce carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C). Step 1: Identify the functional groups to be reduced. Only the aldehyde (CHO) group will be reduced. Step 2: Convert the aldehyde to a primary alcohol, leaving the C=C double bond untouched. Product: But-2-en-1-ol H_3C-CH=CH-CH_2OH What's next?