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The standard cell potential ΔE° is 1.100V for the cell Zn(s)/Zn²⁺//Cu²⁺/Cu(s) if [Zn²⁺] = 0.01M and [Cu²⁺] = 1.0M, what is the ΔE or EMF?

Chemistry

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Answer

e

(a) 1.159V\text{(a) } 1.159\text{V}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the cell potential (ΔE\Delta E) under non-standard conditions, we use the Nernst equation.

  1. Write the overall cell reaction and determine the number of electrons transferred (nn).

    The cell notation Zn(s)/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu(s)\text{Zn(s)}/\text{Zn}^{2+}//\text{Cu}^{2+}/\text{Cu(s)} indicates the following half-reactions:
    Anode (oxidation): Zn(s)→Zn2+(aq)+2e−\text{Zn(s)} \to \text{Zn}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + 2\text{e}^-
    Cathode (reduction): Cu2+(aq)+2e−→Cu(s)\text{Cu}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + 2\text{e}^- \to \text{Cu(s)}
    Overall reaction: Zn(s)+Cu2+(aq)→Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s)\text{Zn(s)} + \text{Cu}^{2+}\text{(aq)} \to \text{Zn}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + \text{Cu(s)}
    From the half-reactions, the number of electrons transferred, nn, is 2.

  2. Write the Nernst equation.

    The Nernst equation at 25∘C25^\circ\text{C} is:

    ΔE=ΔE∘−0.0592nlog⁡Q\Delta E = \Delta E^\circ - \frac{0.0592}{n} \log Q

    Where ΔE∘\Delta E^\circ is the standard cell potential, nn is the number of electrons transferred, and QQ is the reaction quotient.

  3. Calculate the reaction quotient (QQ).

    For the overall reaction Zn(s)+Cu2+(aq)→Zn2+(aq)+Cu(s)\text{Zn(s)} + \text{Cu}^{2+}\text{(aq)} \to \text{Zn}^{2+}\text{(aq)} + \text{Cu(s)}, the reaction quotient is:

    Q=[Zn2+][Cu2+]Q = \frac{[\text{Zn}^{2+}]}{[\text{Cu}^{2+}]}

    Given concentrations are [Zn2+]=0.01 M[\text{Zn}^{2+}] = 0.01 \, M and [Cu2+]=1.0 M[\text{Cu}^{2+}] = 1.0 \, M.

    Q=0.01 M1.0 M=0.01Q = \frac{0.01 \, M}{1.0 \, M} = 0.01
  4. Substitute the values into the Nernst equation and solve for ΔE\Delta E.

    Given ΔE∘=1.100 V\Delta E^\circ = 1.100 \, \text{V}, n=2n=2, and Q=0.01Q=0.01.

    ΔE=1.100 V−0.05922log⁡(0.01)\Delta E = 1.100 \, \text{V} - \frac{0.0592}{2} \log(0.01) ΔE=1.100 V−(0.0296)(−2)\Delta E = 1.100 \, \text{V} - (0.0296) (-2) ΔE=1.100 V+0.0592 V\Delta E = 1.100 \, \text{V} + 0.0592 \, \text{V} ΔE=1.1592 V\Delta E = 1.1592 \, \text{V}

    Rounding to three decimal places, ΔE=1.159 V\Delta E = 1.159 \, \text{V}.

    Comparing this to the given options:

    (a) 1.159 V1.159 \, \text{V}

    (b) 0.923 V0.923 \, \text{V}

    (c) 1.111 V1.111 \, \text{V}

    (d) 1.030 V1.030 \, \text{V}

    (e) 0.991 V0.991 \, \text{V}

    The calculated value matches option (a).

    The final answer is (a) 1.159V\boxed{\text{(a) } 1.159\text{V}}.

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