State VSEPR theory and predict the shapes of PCl₅, CO₂, H₂O, XeF₆, and NO₂⁺. Give the name and structure of the transition metal complex [CuCl₄]²⁻.

Here is the answer to question 6: 6a. State VSEPR theory and predict the shapes of the following: VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)* states that electron pairs (both bonding and lone pairs) around a central atom will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, thereby determining the molecular geometry. i. PCl₅ Central atom: P Number of electron domains: 5 bonding pairs, 0 lone pairs Shape: Trigonal bipyramidal* ii. CO₂ Central atom: C Number of electron domains: 2 bonding pairs (double bonds count as one domain), 0 lone pairs Shape: Linear* iii. H₂O Central atom: O Number of electron domains: 2 bonding pairs, 2 lone pairs Shape: Bent (or V-shaped)* iv. XeF₆ Central atom: Xe Number of electron domains: 6 bonding pairs, 1 lone pair Shape: Distorted octahedral* v. NO₂⁺ Central atom: N Number of electron domains: 2 bonding pairs (double bonds count as one domain), 0 lone pairs Shape: Linear* 6b. Give the name and structure of the following transition metal complexes: i) [CuCl₄]²⁻ Name: Tetrachlorocuprate(II) ion* Structure: Tetrahedral* ii) [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ Name: Diamminesilver(I) ion* Structure: Linear* 6c. Give reasons for the following facts about halogens: i) halogens belong to group seven in the periodic table. Reason: Halogens are in Group 17 (formerly Group VIIA) because they all possess seven valence electrons* in their outermost electron shell. ii) halogens are the most reactive non-metal known. Reason: Halogens are highly reactive non-metals because they have a strong tendency to gain one electron* to achieve a stable noble gas electron configuration (an octet). This is due to their high electronegativity and electron affinity. 6d. How many atoms are there in 6g of carbon? Step 1: Calculate the number of moles of carbon. Moles of carbon = Mass of carbonMolar mass of carbon Moles of carbon = 6 g12 g/mol Moles of carbon = 0.5 mol Step 2: Calculate the number of atoms. Number of atoms = Moles of carbon × Avogadro's number Number of atoms = 0.5 mol × (6.023 × 10^23 atoms/mol) Number of atoms = 3.0115 × 10^23 atoms The number of atoms in 6g of carbon is 3.0115 × 10^23 atoms. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.