This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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You're on a roll — here are the solutions for questions 10 and 11. 10. a) Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number (Z) of 12, meaning it has 12 electrons. The s, p configuration for a neutral Magnesium atom is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 10. b) When Magnesium becomes an ion Mg^2+, it loses two electrons from its outermost shell. The sub-shell that is emptied is the 3s sub-shell. 10. c) After losing the two electrons from the 3s sub-shell, the resulting configuration of the Mg^2+ ion is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 11. a) In Calcium Hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)_2), Calcium (Ca) is in Group 2 and has a valency of +2. Since there are two hypochlorite radicals (ClO) for every one calcium ion, each ClO radical must have a valency of -1 to balance the charge. The valency of the Hypochlorite radical (ClO) is -1. 11. b) (i) Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number (Z) of 17, meaning a neutral atom has 17 electrons. Its configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^5. A Cl^- ion gains one electron to achieve a stable octet. This electron fills the 3p sub-shell. The s, p configuration for the Cl^- ion is: 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 11. b) (ii) Calcium (Ca) reacts with Chlorine gas (Cl_2) to form Calcium Chloride (CaCl_2). Step 1: Write the unbalanced equation with state symbols. Ca(s) + Cl_2(g) → CaCl_2(s) Step 2: Check the balance of atoms. Left side: Ca = 1, Cl = 2 Right side: Ca = 1, Cl = 2 The equation is already balanced. The balanced equation with state symbols is: Ca(s) + Cl_2(g) → CaCl_2(s) What's next?