Microorganisms: --- 1. Which of the following microorganisms lacks a true nucleus? A. Fungi B. Protozoa C. Bacteria D. Algae --- 2. The outer protective covering of many bacteria is known as: A. Cell membrane B. Capsule C. Cell wall D. Slime layer --- 3. Which of the following microorganisms reproduces mainly by budding? A. Bacteria B. Amoeba C. Yeast D. Spirogyra --- 4. The locomotory organ of Amoeba is: A. Cilia B. Flagella C. Pseudopodia D. Tentacles --- 5. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? A. Tuberculosis B. Cholera C. Measles D. Typhoid --- 6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? A. They are acellular B. They can reproduce independently C. They are obligate parasites D. They contain nucleic acids --- 7. The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material is called: A. Binary fission B. Conjugation C. Budding D. Sporulation --- 8. Which of the following microorganisms is photosynthetic? A. Fungi B. Protozoa C. Some bacteria D. Viruses --- 9. The causative organism of malaria belongs to the group: A. Bacteria B. Viruses C. Protozoa D. Fungi --- 10. Which of the following structures helps bacteria to move? A. Capsule B. Pili C. Flagellum D. Ribosome --- 11. Which of the following is a fungal disease? A. Ringworm B. Typhoid C. Cholera D. Measles --- 12. Which of the following is NOT a beneficial role of microorganisms? A. Decomposition B. Nitrogen fixation C. Food spoilage D. Fermentation --- 13. The bacterium that converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable form is involved in: A. Denitrification B. Nitrification C. Nitrogen fixation D. Ammonification --- 14. Which of the following is used in the production of antibiotics? A. Algae B. Fungi C. Viruses D. Protozoa --- 15. Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for fermentation in bread making? A. Bacteria B. Virus C. Yeast D. Protozoa --- 16. The smallest known microorganisms are: A. Bacteria B. Fungi C. Viruses D. Algae --- 17. Which of the following is a spore-forming bacterium? A. Rhizobium B. Lactobacillus C. Bacillus D. Vibrio --- 18. The mode of nutrition in fungi is generally: A. Autotrophic B. Holozoic C. Saprophytic D. Photosynthetic --- 19. Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria? A. Influenza B. Tuberculosis C. Measles D. AIDS --- 20. Which of the following best describes sterilization? A. Removal of visible dirt B. Killing some microorganisms C. Killing all microorganisms including spores D. Inhibiting microbial growth

Let's mark your answers: 1. Which of the following microorganisms lacks a true nucleus? Your answer: A Correct answer: C. Bacteria* are prokaryotes, meaning they lack a true nucleus. Fungi, Protozoa, and Algae are eukaryotes. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 2. The outer protective covering of many bacteria is known as: Your answer: A Correct answer: C. The cell wall* provides structural support and protection. The capsule and slime layer are external to the cell wall in some bacteria. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 3. Which of the following microorganisms reproduces mainly by budding? Your answer: C Correct answer: C. Yeast* (a type of fungus) commonly reproduces by budding. ✅ Correct 4. The locomotory organ of Amoeba is: Your answer: B Correct answer: C. Pseudopodia* (false feet) are used by Amoeba for movement and feeding. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 5. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? Your answer: D Correct answer: C. Measles* is caused by the measles virus. Tuberculosis and Typhoid are bacterial, Cholera is bacterial. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viruses? Your answer: C Correct answer: B. Viruses cannot reproduce independently*; they require a host cell. They are acellular, obligate parasites, and contain nucleic acids. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is B) 7. The process by which bacteria exchange genetic material is called: Your answer: D Correct answer: B. Conjugation* is a process of genetic exchange between bacteria. Binary fission is reproduction, budding is for yeast, sporulation is for spore formation. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is B) 8. Which of the following microorganisms is photosynthetic? Your answer: B Correct answer: C. Some bacteria* (e.g., cyanobacteria) are photosynthetic. Algae are also photosynthetic, but "some bacteria" is a valid option here. Protozoa and Fungi are generally not. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 9. The causative organism of malaria belongs to the group: Your answer: A Correct answer: C. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium, which is a protozoan*. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 10. Which of the following structures helps bacteria to move? Your answer: C Correct answer: C. A flagellum* is a whip-like appendage that enables movement in bacteria. ✅ Correct 11. Which of the following is a fungal disease? Your answer: C Correct answer: A. Ringworm* is a common fungal infection. Typhoid and Cholera are bacterial, Measles is viral. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is A) 12. Which of the following is NOT a beneficial role of microorganisms? Your answer: C Correct answer: C. Food spoilage* is a harmful effect, not a beneficial one. Decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and fermentation are beneficial. ✅ Correct 13. The bacterium that converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable form is involved in: Your answer: B Correct answer: C. This process is called nitrogen fixation*. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 14. Which of the following is used in the production of antibiotics? Your answer: C Correct answer: B. Many antibiotics* are derived from fungi (e.g., penicillin from Penicillium fungus) or bacteria. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is B) 15. Which of the following microorganisms is responsible for fermentation in bread making? Your answer: A Correct answer: C. Yeast* is used in bread making for fermentation. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 16. The smallest known microorganisms are: Your answer: A Correct answer: C. Viruses* are generally much smaller than bacteria, fungi, or algae. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 17. Which of the following is a spore-forming bacterium? Your answer: B Correct answer: C. Bacillus* species are known for forming endospores. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) 18. The mode of nutrition in fungi is generally: Your answer: C Correct answer: C. Fungi are typically saprophytic*, meaning they obtain nutrients by decomposing dead organic matter. ✅ Correct 19. Which of the following diseases is caused by bacteria? Your answer: B Correct answer: B. Tuberculosis* is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Influenza, Measles, and AIDS are viral. ✅ Correct 20. Which of the following best describes sterilization? Your answer: A Correct answer: C. Sterilization is the process of killing or removing all* microorganisms, including bacterial spores. ❌ Incorrect (Correct is C) --- You have 5 correct answers out of 20.