Molecular geometry for CO2 is nonlinear with net dipole.

Here are the answers to the True/False questions: 1- Molecular geometry for CO_2 is nonlinear with net dipole. CO_2 has a central carbon atom double-bonded to two oxygen atoms (O=C=O). There are two electron domains around the central carbon, resulting in a linear* electronic and molecular geometry. Due to its linear and symmetrical structure, the bond dipoles cancel out, meaning CO_2 has no net dipole*. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 2- Electronic geometry for molecules with formula AB_3U is tetrahedral. The formula AB_3U indicates a central atom (A) bonded to three other atoms (B) and having one lone pair (U). The total number of electron domains is 3 (bonding pairs) + 1 (lone pair) = 4. For 4 electron domains, the electronic geometry is always tetrahedral*. Therefore, the statement is (V) True. 3- Electronic geometry equal to molecular geometry for POCl_3 molecule. In POCl_3, Phosphorus (P) is the central atom. It forms a double bond with Oxygen (O) and single bonds with three Chlorine (Cl) atoms. The central P atom has 4 bonding domains (1 double bond to O, 3 single bonds to Cl) and no lone pairs. With 4 electron domains and no lone pairs, both the electronic geometry and the molecular geometry are tetrahedral*. Therefore, the statement is (V) True. 4- Molecular geometry for sp^2 hybridization molecules is trigonal planar. sp^2 hybridization corresponds to 3 electron domains. If all 3 domains are bonding pairs (e.g., BF_3), the molecular geometry is trigonal planar*. However, if there are 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair (e.g., SO_2), the molecular geometry is bent*. Since not all sp^2 hybridized molecules have a trigonal planar molecular geometry, the statement is too general. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 5- V.B.T. predicts sp^2 hybridization at one oxygen atom for O_2 molecule and diamagnetic. In the O_2 molecule, each oxygen atom forms one sigma bond and one pi bond, and each has two lone pairs. This arrangement is consistent with sp^2 hybridization for the sigma framework and lone pairs. However, Valence Bond Theory (VBT) in its simplest form typically predicts O_2 to be diamagnetic (all electrons paired). Experimentally, O_2 is known to be paramagnetic* (has unpaired electrons), which is correctly predicted by Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT). Since the prediction of diamagnetism is incorrect, the entire statement is false. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 6- The energy of nonbonding orbitals higher than anti bonding molecular orbitals. Nonbonding orbitals are typically atomic orbitals that do not participate in bonding and have energies similar to the original atomic orbitals. Antibonding molecular orbitals are formed from the destructive interference of atomic orbitals and are always* higher in energy than the corresponding bonding molecular orbitals and the original atomic orbitals. Therefore, antibonding orbitals are generally higher in energy than nonbonding orbitals. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 7- All hetero triatomic molecules in linear structure have net dipole. A hetero triatomic molecule consists of three atoms, where at least two are different. Consider CO_2 (O=C=O). It is a hetero triatomic molecule (carbon is different from oxygen) and has a linear structure. However, the two equal and opposite bond dipoles cancel out, resulting in no net dipole*. Since CO_2 is a counterexample, the statement is false. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 8- Repulsion force between bonded pair and lone pair of electrons is higher than that between lone pair and lone pair. According to VSEPR theory, the order of electron pair repulsion is: Lone pair-Lone pair (LP-LP) > Lone pair-Bonded pair (LP-BP) > Bonded pair-Bonded pair (BP-BP). The statement claims LP-BP repulsion is higher than LP-LP repulsion, which is incorrect. Therefore, the statement is (X) False. 9- Each lone pair of electron on central atom is counted as one region of high electron density. In VSEPR theory, electron domains (regions of high electron density) include single bonds, multiple bonds (double or triple bonds count as one domain), and lone pairs. Each lone pair on the central atom is indeed considered one electron domain. Therefore, the statement is (V) True. 10- The SO_2 molecule has bent shape. In SO_2, Sulfur (S) is the central atom. It forms two bonds with oxygen atoms and has one lone pair. The central S atom has 2 bonding domains (one double bond, one single bond, or two resonance structures with double bonds) and 1 lone pair. Total electron domains = 3. Electronic geometry: Trigonal planar. Molecular geometry: With 2 bonding domains and 1 lone pair, the molecular geometry is bent* (or V-shaped). Therefore, the statement is (V) True.