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Apply the Laplace Transform to the differential equation.

Mathematics

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Answer

y(t)=76−12e−2t+13e−3ty(t) = \frac{7}{6} - \frac{1}{2}e^{-2t} + \frac{1}{3}e^{-3t}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps
  1. Apply the Laplace Transform to the differential equation.

    The given differential equation is y′′+5y′+6y(t)=7y'' + 5y' + 6y(t) = 7.
    The initial conditions are y′(0)=0y'(0) = 0 and y(0)=1y(0) = 1.

    Applying the Laplace Transform to each term:
    L{y′′(t)}=s2Y(s)−sy(0)−y′(0)\mathcal{L}\{y''(t)\} = s^2 Y(s) - s y(0) - y'(0)
    L{y′(t)}=sY(s)−y(0)\mathcal{L}\{y'(t)\} = s Y(s) - y(0)
    L{y(t)}=Y(s)\mathcal{L}\{y(t)\} = Y(s)
    L{7}=7s\mathcal{L}\{7\} = \frac{7}{s}

    Substitute these into the differential equation:

    (s2Y(s)−sy(0)−y′(0))+5(sY(s)−y(0))+6Y(s)=7s(s^2 Y(s) - s y(0) - y'(0)) + 5(s Y(s) - y(0)) + 6 Y(s) = \frac{7}{s}
  2. Substitute the initial conditions.

    Substitute y(0)=1y(0) = 1 and y′(0)=0y'(0) = 0:

    (s2Y(s)−s(1)−0)+5(sY(s)−1)+6Y(s)=7s(s^2 Y(s) - s(1) - 0) + 5(s Y(s) - 1) + 6 Y(s) = \frac{7}{s} s2Y(s)−s+5sY(s)−5+6Y(s)=7ss^2 Y(s) - s + 5s Y(s) - 5 + 6 Y(s) = \frac{7}{s}
  3. Solve for Y(s)Y(s).

    Group the terms containing Y(s)Y(s):

    (s2+5s+6)Y(s)−s−5=7s(s^2 + 5s + 6) Y(s) - s - 5 = \frac{7}{s}

    Move the terms without Y(s)Y(s) to the right side:

    (s2+5s+6)Y(s)=7s+s+5(s^2 + 5s + 6) Y(s) = \frac{7}{s} + s + 5

    Combine the terms on the right side into a single fraction:

    (s2+5s+6)Y(s)=7+s2+5ss(s^2 + 5s + 6) Y(s) = \frac{7 + s^2 + 5s}{s}

    Isolate Y(s)Y(s):

    Y(s)=s2+5s+7s(s2+5s+6)Y(s) = \frac{s^2 + 5s + 7}{s(s^2 + 5s + 6)}

    Factor the quadratic term in the denominator: s2+5s+6=(s+2)(s+3)s^2 + 5s + 6 = (s+2)(s+3).

    Y(s)=s2+5s+7s(s+2)(s+3)Y(s) = \frac{s^2 + 5s + 7}{s(s+2)(s+3)}
  4. Perform partial fraction decomposition on Y(s)Y(s).

    Set up the partial fraction expansion:

    s2+5s+7s(s+2)(s+3)=As+Bs+2+Cs+3\frac{s^2 + 5s + 7}{s(s+2)(s+3)} = \frac{A}{s} + \frac{B}{s+2} + \frac{C}{s+3}

    Multiply both sides by s(s+2)(s+3)s(s+2)(s+3) to clear the denominators:

    s2+5s+7=A(s+2)(s+3)+Bs(s+3)+Cs(s+2)s^2 + 5s + 7 = A(s+2)(s+3) + B s(s+3) + C s(s+2)

    To find AA, set s=0s=0:

    02+5(0)+7=A(0+2)(0+3)+B(0)+C(0)0^2 + 5(0) + 7 = A(0+2)(0+3) + B(0) + C(0) 7=A(2)(3)7 = A(2)(3) 7=6A  ⟹  A=767 = 6A \implies A = \frac{7}{6}

    To find BB, set s=−2s=-2:

    (−2)2+5(−2)+7=A(0)+B(−2)(−2+3)+C(0)(-2)^2 + 5(-2) + 7 = A(0) + B(-2)(-2+3) + C(0) 4−10+7=B(−2)(1)4 - 10 + 7 = B(-2)(1) 1=−2B  ⟹  B=−121 = -2B \implies B = -\frac{1}{2}

    To find CC, set s=−3s=-3:

    (−3)2+5(−3)+7=A(0)+B(0)+C(−3)(−3+2)(-3)^2 + 5(-3) + 7 = A(0) + B(0) + C(-3)(-3+2) 9−15+7=C(−3)(−1)9 - 15 + 7 = C(-3)(-1) 1=3C  ⟹  C=131 = 3C \implies C = \frac{1}{3}

    Substitute the values of AA, BB, and CC back into the partial fraction expansion:

    Y(s)=76s−12(s+2)+13(s+3)Y(s) = \frac{7}{6s} - \frac{1}{2(s+2)} + \frac{1}{3(s+3)}
  5. Apply the inverse Laplace Transform to find y(t)y(t).

    y(t)=L−1{76s−12(s+2)+13(s+3)}y(t) = \mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{7}{6s} - \frac{1}{2(s+2)} + \frac{1}{3(s+3)}\right\}

    Using the inverse Laplace Transform properties L−1{1s}=1\mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{1}{s}\right\} = 1 and L−1{1s−a}=eat\mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{1}{s-a}\right\} = e^{at}:

    y(t)=76L−1{1s}−12L−1{1s+2}+13L−1{1s+3}y(t) = \frac{7}{6}\mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{1}{s}\right\} - \frac{1}{2}\mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{1}{s+2}\right\} + \frac{1}{3}\mathcal{L}^{-1}\left\{\frac{1}{s+3}\right\} y(t)=76(1)−12e−2t+13e−3ty(t) = \frac{7}{6}(1) - \frac{1}{2}e^{-2t} + \frac{1}{3}e^{-3t} y(t)=76−12e−2t+13e−3ty(t) = \frac{7}{6} - \frac{1}{2}e^{-2t} + \frac{1}{3}e^{-3t}
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