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Assume (1)/(sqrt(2)) is a rational number.

Mathematics

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3 parts
i

Part (I) is irrational\text{Part (I) is irrational}

ii

Part (II) is irrational\text{Part (II) is irrational}

iii

Part (III) is irrational\text{Part (III) is irrational}

Step-by-step solution

17 steps

Here's how to prove that the given numbers are irrational:

Part i· 7 steps

Prove 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} is irrational.

  1. Assume 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} is a rational number.

    If 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} is rational, it can be written in the form ab\frac{a}{b}, where aa and bb are coprime integers and b≠0b \neq 0.

    12=ab\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = \frac{a}{b}
  2. Rearrange the equation.

    2=ba\sqrt{2} = \frac{b}{a}

    Squaring both sides:

    (2)2=(ba)2(\sqrt{2})^2 = \left(\frac{b}{a}\right)^2 2=b2a22 = \frac{b^2}{a^2} 2a2=b2(Equation 1)2a^2 = b^2 \quad \text{(Equation 1)}
  3. Analyze the implications of Equation 1.

    From 2a2=b22a^2 = b^2, it means that b2b^2 is divisible by 2.
    If b2b^2 is divisible by 2, then bb must also be divisible by 2.
    So, we can write b=2kb = 2k for some integer kk.

  4. Substitute b=2kb=2k into Equation 1.

    2a2=(2k)22a^2 = (2k)^2 2a2=4k22a^2 = 4k^2 a2=2k2(Equation 2)a^2 = 2k^2 \quad \text{(Equation 2)}
  5. Analyze the implications of Equation 2.

    From a2=2k2a^2 = 2k^2, it means that a2a^2 is divisible by 2.
    If a2a^2 is divisible by 2, then aa must also be divisible by 2.

  6. Reach a contradiction.

    From Step 3, bb is divisible by 2. From Step 5, aa is divisible by 2.
    This means that aa and bb have a common factor of 2.
    However, in Step 1, we assumed that aa and bb are coprime integers (meaning they have no common factors other than 1).
    This contradicts our initial assumption.

  7. Conclude.

    Since our assumption leads to a contradiction, our initial assumption that 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} is rational must be false.
    Therefore, 12\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} is an irrational number.

    Part (I) is irrational\boxed{\text{Part (I) is irrational}}

Part ii

Part (II) is irrational\text{Part (II) is irrational}

Prove 757\sqrt{5} is irrational.

  1. Assume 757\sqrt{5} is a rational number.

    If 757\sqrt{5} is rational, it can be written in the form ab\frac{a}{b}, where aa and bb are coprime integers and b≠0b \neq 0.

    75=ab7\sqrt{5} = \frac{a}{b}
  2. Rearrange the equation to isolate 5\sqrt{5}.

    5=a7b\sqrt{5} = \frac{a}{7b}
  3. Analyze the implication.

    Since aa and bb are integers, aa is an integer and 7b7b is a non-zero integer.
    Therefore, a7b\frac{a}{7b} is a rational number.
    This implies that 5\sqrt{5} is a rational number.

  4. Reach a contradiction.

    However, we know that 5\sqrt{5} is an irrational number.
    This contradicts our conclusion from Step 3.

  5. Conclude.

    Since our assumption leads to a contradiction, our initial assumption that 757\sqrt{5} is rational must be false.
    Therefore, 757\sqrt{5} is an irrational number.

    Part (II) is irrational\boxed{\text{Part (II) is irrational}}

Part iii

Part (III) is irrational\text{Part (III) is irrational}

Prove 6+26 + \sqrt{2} is irrational.

  1. Assume 6+26 + \sqrt{2} is a rational number.

    If 6+26 + \sqrt{2} is rational, it can be written in the form ab\frac{a}{b}, where aa and bb are coprime integers and b≠0b \neq 0.

    6+2=ab6 + \sqrt{2} = \frac{a}{b}
  2. Rearrange the equation to isolate 2\sqrt{2}.

    2=ab−6\sqrt{2} = \frac{a}{b} - 6 2=a−6bb\sqrt{2} = \frac{a - 6b}{b}
  3. Analyze the implication.

    Since aa and bb are integers, a−6ba - 6b is an integer and bb is a non-zero integer.
    Therefore, a−6bb\frac{a - 6b}{b} is a rational number.
    This implies that 2\sqrt{2} is a rational number.

  4. Reach a contradiction.

    However, we know that 2\sqrt{2} is an irrational number.
    This contradicts our conclusion from Step 3.

  5. Conclude.

    Since our assumption leads to a contradiction, our initial assumption that 6+26 + \sqrt{2} is rational must be false.
    Therefore, 6+26 + \sqrt{2} is an irrational number.

    Part (III) is irrational\boxed{\text{Part (III) is irrational}}
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