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Construct the following angle with your compass and pencil only

Mathematics

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Answer

The angle ∠XOS=105∘\text{The angle } \angle XOS = 105^\circ

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

To construct an angle of 105∘105^\circ using only a compass and a pencil, we can combine a 90∘90^\circ angle and a 15∘15^\circ angle. The 15∘15^\circ angle can be obtained by bisecting a 30∘30^\circ angle, which itself is a bisection of a 60∘60^\circ angle.

  1. Draw a ray and construct a 90∘90^\circ angle.

    • Draw a ray OA⃗\vec{OA}.
    • Place the compass at point OO and draw a large arc that intersects OA⃗\vec{OA} at point PP.
    • With the same compass width, place the compass at PP and draw an arc that intersects the first arc at QQ.
    • With the same compass width, place the compass at QQ and draw an arc that intersects the first arc at RR.
    • With the compass at QQ and then at RR, draw two arcs that intersect each other above the first arc at point SS.
    • Draw a ray from OO through SS. This ray, OS⃗\vec{OS}, forms a 90∘90^\circ angle with OA⃗\vec{OA} (i.e., ∠SOA=90∘\angle SOA = 90^\circ).
  2. Extend the initial ray and construct a 60∘60^\circ angle.

    • Extend the ray OA⃗\vec{OA} backwards through OO to form a straight line. Let P′P' be a point on this extended line to the left of OO.
    • Place the compass at OO and draw an arc that intersects the extended line at P′P'. (This might be the same arc as in Step 1 if it was drawn large enough).
    • With the same compass width, place the compass at P′P' and draw an arc that intersects the initial large arc (centered at OO) at point UU.
    • Draw a ray from OO through UU. This ray, OU⃗\vec{OU}, forms a 60∘60^\circ angle with OP′⃗\vec{OP'} (i.e., ∠UOP′=60∘\angle UOP' = 60^\circ).
  3. Bisect the 60∘60^\circ angle to get 30∘30^\circ.

    • Place the compass at P′P' and draw an arc inside ∠UOP′\angle UOP'.
    • With the same compass width, place the compass at UU and draw another arc that intersects the arc drawn from P′P'. Let this intersection point be VV.
    • Draw a ray from OO through VV. This ray, OV⃗\vec{OV}, bisects ∠UOP′\angle UOP'. So ∠VOP′=30∘\angle VOP' = 30^\circ.
  4. Bisect the 30∘30^\circ angle to get 15∘15^\circ.

    • Place the compass at P′P' and draw an arc inside ∠VOP′\angle VOP'.
    • Let WW be the point where OV⃗\vec{OV} intersects the initial large arc (centered at OO). With the same compass width, place the compass at WW and draw another arc that intersects the arc drawn from P′P'. Let this intersection point be XX.
    • Draw a ray from OO through XX. This ray, OX⃗\vec{OX}, bisects ∠VOP′\angle VOP'. So ∠XOP′=15∘\angle XOP' = 15^\circ.
  5. Combine the angles to get 105∘105^\circ.

    The angle ∠XOS\angle XOS is the sum of ∠XOP′\angle XOP' and ∠P′OS\angle P'OS. Since OP′⃗\vec{OP'} is the extension of OA⃗\vec{OA}, ∠P′OS\angle P'OS is the 90∘90^\circ angle constructed in Step 1.

    ∠XOS=∠XOP′+∠P′OS\angle XOS = \angle XOP' + \angle P'OS ∠XOS=15∘+90∘\angle XOS = 15^\circ + 90^\circ ∠XOS=105∘\angle XOS = 105^\circ

    The final answer is The angle ∠XOS=105∘\text{The angle } \angle XOS = 105^\circ.

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