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Find the derivative of y = (log x)^(log x), assuming log x means ln x.

Mathematics

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Answer

(ln⁡x)ln⁡x(1+ln⁡(ln⁡x)x)(\ln x)^{\ln x} \left( \frac{1 + \ln(\ln x)}{x} \right)

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Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Take the natural logarithm of both sides.

    Given y=(log⁡x)log⁡xy = (\log x)^{\log x}.
    Taking the natural logarithm on both sides:

    ln⁡y=ln⁡((log⁡x)log⁡x)\ln y = \ln \left( (\log x)^{\log x} \right)
  2. Use the logarithm property ln⁡(ab)=bln⁡a\ln(a^b) = b \ln a.

    ln⁡y=(log⁡x)ln⁡(log⁡x)\ln y = (\log x) \ln(\log x)

    Note that log⁡x\log x typically refers to log⁡10x\log_{10} x in general contexts, but in calculus, it often implies ln⁡x\ln x (natural logarithm). However, given the explicit use of ln⁡\ln in the solution, it's safer to assume log⁡x\log x means log⁡ex\log_e x or ln⁡x\ln x. If it were log⁡10x\log_{10} x, the derivative would involve an extra factor of 1ln⁡10\frac{1}{\ln 10}. Let's proceed assuming log⁡x=ln⁡x\log x = \ln x.
    So, the equation becomes:

    ln⁡y=(ln⁡x)ln⁡(ln⁡x)\ln y = (\ln x) \ln(\ln x)
  3. Differentiate both sides with respect to xx using the chain rule and product rule.

    The derivative of ln⁡y\ln y with respect to xx is 1ydydx\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx}.
    For the right side, use the product rule ddx(uv)=u′v+uv′\frac{d}{dx}(uv) = u'v + uv' where u=ln⁡xu = \ln x and v=ln⁡(ln⁡x)v = \ln(\ln x).

    dudx=ddx(ln⁡x)=1x\frac{du}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln x) = \frac{1}{x} dvdx=ddx(ln⁡(ln⁡x))\frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(\ln(\ln x))

    Using the chain rule for vv, let w=ln⁡xw = \ln x. Then v=ln⁡wv = \ln w.

    dvdx=ddw(ln⁡w)⋅dwdx=1w⋅1x=1ln⁡x⋅1x\frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{d}{dw}(\ln w) \cdot \frac{dw}{dx} = \frac{1}{w} \cdot \frac{1}{x} = \frac{1}{\ln x} \cdot \frac{1}{x}

    Now apply the product rule:

    ddx((ln⁡x)ln⁡(ln⁡x))=(1x)ln⁡(ln⁡x)+(ln⁡x)(1xln⁡x)\frac{d}{dx} ((\ln x) \ln(\ln x)) = \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) \ln(\ln x) + (\ln x) \left(\frac{1}{x \ln x}\right) ddx((ln⁡x)ln⁡(ln⁡x))=ln⁡(ln⁡x)x+1x\frac{d}{dx} ((\ln x) \ln(\ln x)) = \frac{\ln(\ln x)}{x} + \frac{1}{x}
  4. Equate the derivatives and solve for dydx\frac{dy}{dx}.

    1ydydx=ln⁡(ln⁡x)x+1x\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{\ln(\ln x)}{x} + \frac{1}{x} 1ydydx=1+ln⁡(ln⁡x)x\frac{1}{y} \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{1 + \ln(\ln x)}{x}

    Multiply both sides by yy:

    dydx=y(1+ln⁡(ln⁡x)x)\frac{dy}{dx} = y \left( \frac{1 + \ln(\ln x)}{x} \right)

    Substitute y=(ln⁡x)ln⁡xy = (\ln x)^{\ln x} back into the equation:

    dydx=(ln⁡x)ln⁡x(1+ln⁡(ln⁡x)x)\frac{dy}{dx} = (\ln x)^{\ln x} \left( \frac{1 + \ln(\ln x)}{x} \right)

    The final answer is (ln⁡x)ln⁡x(1+ln⁡(ln⁡x)x)(\ln x)^{\ln x} \left( \frac{1 + \ln(\ln x)}{x} \right).

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