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Given the line L with equation y = 2x + 3, and points B and C on L such that A is the midpoint of BC. If D = (1, 0) and BD is perpendicular to L, find the equation of line BD.

Mathematics

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Answer

y=−12x+12y = -\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}

(-1, 1)
(1, 5)
Graph of y = 2x + 3

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Key points of y = 2x + 3
Pointxy
x-intercept−1.50
y-intercept03

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here's the complete solution:

  1. Find the coordinates of point A.

    Point A is the y-intercept of the line y=2x+3y = 2x + 3. To find the y-intercept, we set x=0x = 0.

    y=2(0)+3y = 2(0) + 3 y=3y = 3

    The coordinates of point A are (0,3)(0, 3).

  2. Understand the relationship between A, B, and C.

    Points B and C are on the line y=2x+3y = 2x + 3. The condition AB=ACAB = AC means that point A is the midpoint of the line segment BC, because A, B, and C are collinear.

  3. Find the slope of line AC.

    The line AC is the line y=2x+3y = 2x + 3. The slope of this line, mACm_{AC}, is the coefficient of xx.

    mAC=2m_{AC} = 2
  4. Find the slope of line BD.

    Line BD is perpendicular to line AC. The product of the slopes of two perpendicular lines is −1-1.
    Let mBDm_{BD} be the slope of line BD.

    mBD⋅mAC=−1m_{BD} \cdot m_{AC} = -1 mBD⋅2=−1m_{BD} \cdot 2 = -1 mBD=−12m_{BD} = -\frac{1}{2}
  5. Find the equation of line BD.

    Line BD passes through point D(1,0)(1, 0) and has a slope mBD=−12m_{BD} = -\frac{1}{2}. Using the point-slope form y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1):

    y−0=−12(x−1)y - 0 = -\frac{1}{2}(x - 1) y=−12x+12y = -\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}

    The equation of BD is y=−12x+12\boxed{y = -\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}}.

  6. Find the coordinates of point B.

    Point B is the intersection of the line y=2x+3y = 2x + 3 and the line y=−12x+12y = -\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}. We set the y-values equal to find the x-coordinate:

    2x+3=−12x+122x + 3 = -\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}

    Multiply the entire equation by 2 to clear fractions:

    2(2x+3)=2(−12x+12)2(2x + 3) = 2\left(-\frac{1}{2}x + \frac{1}{2}\right) 4x+6=−x+14x + 6 = -x + 1 5x=−55x = -5 x=−1x = -1

    Substitute x=−1x = -1 into the equation y=2x+3y = 2x + 3 to find the y-coordinate:

    y=2(−1)+3y = 2(-1) + 3 y=−2+3y = -2 + 3 y=1y = 1

    The coordinates of point B are (−1,1)\boxed{(-1, 1)}.

  7. Find the coordinates of point C.

    Since A(0,3)(0, 3) is the midpoint of BC, and B is (−1,1)(-1, 1), we use the midpoint formula:

    xA=xB+xC2andyA=yB+yC2x_A = \frac{x_B + x_C}{2} \quad \text{and} \quad y_A = \frac{y_B + y_C}{2}

    For the x-coordinate:

    0=−1+xC20 = \frac{-1 + x_C}{2} 0=−1+xC0 = -1 + x_C xC=1x_C = 1

    For the y-coordinate:

    3=1+yC23 = \frac{1 + y_C}{2} 6=1+yC6 = 1 + y_C yC=5y_C = 5

    The coordinates of point C are (1,5)\boxed{(1, 5)}.

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