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Given the quadratic equation x² − 14x + 36 = 0.

Mathematics

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3 steps
  1. Find the sum and product of the roots.

    Given the quadratic equation x2−14x+36=0x^2 - 14x + 36 = 0.
    Let α\alpha and β\beta be the roots.
    Using Vieta's formulas:
    Sum of roots: α+β=−(−14)/1=14\alpha + \beta = -(-14)/1 = 14
    Product of roots: αβ=36/1=36\alpha \beta = 36/1 = 36

  2. Define a recurrence relation for Sn=αn+βnS_n = \alpha^n + \beta^n.

    Since α\alpha and β\beta are roots of x2−14x+36=0x^2 - 14x + 36 = 0, they satisfy the equation:
    α2−14α+36=0  ⟹  α2=14α−36\alpha^2 - 14\alpha + 36 = 0 \implies \alpha^2 = 14\alpha - 36
    β2−14β+36=0  ⟹  β2=14β−36\beta^2 - 14\beta + 36 = 0 \implies \beta^2 = 14\beta - 36
    Multiply the first equation by αn−2\alpha^{n-2} and the second by βn−2\beta^{n-2} (for n≥2n \ge 2):
    αn=14αn−1−36αn−2\alpha^n = 14\alpha^{n-1} - 36\alpha^{n-2}
    βn=14βn−1−36βn−2\beta^n = 14\beta^{n-1} - 36\beta^{n-2}
    Adding these two equations:
    αn+βn=14(αn−1+βn−1)−36(αn−2+βn−2)\alpha^n + \beta^n = 14(\alpha^{n-1} + \beta^{n-1}) - 36(\alpha^{n-2} + \beta^{n-2})
    Let Sn=αn+βnS_n = \alpha^n + \beta^n. The recurrence relation is:

    Sn=14Sn−1−36Sn−2for n≥2S_n = 14S_{n-1} - 36S_{n-2} \quad \text{for } n \ge 2
  3. Prove by induction that SnS_n is divisible by 2n2^n.

    Base Cases:
    For n=1n=1:
    S1=α+β=14S_1 = \alpha + \beta = 14.
    21=22^1 = 2.
    14 is divisible by 2 (14=2×714 = 2 \times 7). So, S1S_1 is divisible by 212^1.

    For n=2n=2:
    S2=α2+β2=(α+β)2−2αβ=(14)2−2(36)=196−72=124S_2 = \alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (\alpha+\beta)^2 - 2\alpha\beta = (14)^2 - 2(36) = 196 - 72 = 124.
    22=42^2 = 4.
    124 is divisible by 4 (124=4×31124 = 4 \times 31). So, S2S_2 is divisible by 222^2.

    Inductive Hypothesis:
    Assume that for some integer k≥1k \ge 1, SkS_k is divisible by 2k2^k and Sk−1S_{k-1} is divisible by 2k−12^{k-1}.
    This means Sk=ck⋅2kS_k = c_k \cdot 2^k and Sk−1=ck−1⋅2k−1S_{k-1} = c_{k-1} \cdot 2^{k-1} for some integers ckc_k and ck−1c_{k-1}.

    Inductive Step:
    We need to show that Sk+1S_{k+1} is divisible by 2k+12^{k+1}.
    Using the recurrence relation:

    Sk+1=14Sk−36Sk−1S_{k+1} = 14S_k - 36S_{k-1}

    Substitute the inductive hypothesis:

    Sk+1=14(ck⋅2k)−36(ck−1⋅2k−1)S_{k+1} = 14(c_k \cdot 2^k) - 36(c_{k-1} \cdot 2^{k-1}) Sk+1=(2⋅7)(ck⋅2k)−(4⋅9)(ck−1⋅2k−1)S_{k+1} = (2 \cdot 7)(c_k \cdot 2^k) - (4 \cdot 9)(c_{k-1} \cdot 2^{k-1}) Sk+1=7⋅ck⋅2k+1−9⋅ck−1⋅22⋅2k−1S_{k+1} = 7 \cdot c_k \cdot 2^{k+1} - 9 \cdot c_{k-1} \cdot 2^2 \cdot 2^{k-1} Sk+1=7⋅ck⋅2k+1−9⋅ck−1⋅2k+1S_{k+1} = 7 \cdot c_k \cdot 2^{k+1} - 9 \cdot c_{k-1} \cdot 2^{k+1}

    Factor out 2k+12^{k+1}:

    Sk+1=2k+1(7ck−9ck−1)S_{k+1} = 2^{k+1}(7c_k - 9c_{k-1})

    Since ckc_k and ck−1c_{k-1} are integers, 7ck−9ck−17c_k - 9c_{k-1} is also an integer.
    Therefore, Sk+1S_{k+1} is divisible by 2k+12^{k+1}.

    By the principle of mathematical induction, αn+βn\alpha^n + \beta^n is divisible by 2n2^n for all n=1,2,3,...n=1,2,3,....

    The final answer is Shown that αn+βn is divisible by 2n for n=1,2,3,...\boxed{\text{Shown that } \alpha^n + \beta^n \text{ is divisible by } 2^n \text{ for } n=1,2,3,...}

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