What are the definitions and examples of natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, and prime numbers?

Here are the solutions to the multiple-choice questions:

PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following is not a natural number? Natural numbers are positive integers (1, 2, 3, ...). 0 is not a natural number. A) 0

2. The set of whole numbers includes: Whole numbers include natural numbers and zero (0, 1, 2, 3, ...). B) Natural numbers and zero

3. Which number is an integer but not a whole number? Integers include positive, negative numbers, and zero. Whole numbers include zero and positive integers. A negative integer is an integer but not a whole number. A) -3

4. Every rational number can be expressed as: A rational number is defined as a number that can be written as a fraction $\frac{p}{q}$, where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q \neq 0$. B) $p/q$ where $p$ and $q$ are integers and $q \neq 0$

5. Which of the following is an irrational number? Irrational numbers cannot be expressed as a simple fraction and have non-repeating, non-terminating decimal expansions. A) $\frac{3}{5}$ is rational. B) $\sqrt{4} = 2$, which is rational. C) $\pi$ is an irrational number. D) -8 is rational. C) $\pi$

6. A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that: A prime number has exactly two distinct positive factors: 1 and itself. A) Has exactly two factors

7. Which of the following is a composite number? A composite number is a natural number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. A) 7 (factors: 1, 7) - Prime B) 11 (factors: 1, 11) - Prime C) 15 (factors: 1, 3, 5, 15) - Composite D) 17 (factors: 1, 17) - Prime C) 15

8. The factors of 24 include: The factors of 24 are the numbers that divide 24 evenly: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24. A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24

9. The first five multiples of 6 are: Multiples of 6 are found by multiplying 6 by consecutive natural numbers: $6 \times 1 = 6$ $6 \times 2 = 12$ $6 \times 3 = 18$ $6 \times 4 = 24$ $6 \times 5 = 30$ A) 6, 12, 18, 24, 30

10. 1 is: A prime number has exactly two factors. A composite number has more than two factors. The number 1 has only one factor (itself), so it is neither prime nor composite. C) Neither prime nor composite