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Trigonometry identities

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

7 steps
  1. Rewrite the trigonometric functions in terms of sin⁡θ\sin\theta and cos⁡θ\cos\theta.

    The given equation is 3(sec⁡θ−tan⁡θ)=2cos⁡θ3(\sec\theta - \tan\theta) = 2\cos\theta.
    We know that sec⁡θ=1cos⁡θ\sec\theta = \frac{1}{\cos\theta} and tan⁡θ=sin⁡θcos⁡θ\tan\theta = \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}.
    Substitute these into the equation:

    3(1cos⁡θ−sin⁡θcos⁡θ)=2cos⁡θ3\left(\frac{1}{\cos\theta} - \frac{\sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\right) = 2\cos\theta
  2. Combine the terms inside the parenthesis.

    3(1−sin⁡θcos⁡θ)=2cos⁡θ3\left(\frac{1 - \sin\theta}{\cos\theta}\right) = 2\cos\theta
  3. Multiply both sides by cos⁡θ\cos\theta to eliminate the denominator.

    Note that this implies cos⁡θ≠0\cos\theta \neq 0.

    3(1−sin⁡θ)=2cos⁡2θ3(1 - \sin\theta) = 2\cos^2\theta
  4. Use the Pythagorean identity cos⁡2θ=1−sin⁡2θ\cos^2\theta = 1 - \sin^2\theta to express the equation entirely in terms of sin⁡θ\sin\theta.

    3(1−sin⁡θ)=2(1−sin⁡2θ)3(1 - \sin\theta) = 2(1 - \sin^2\theta)
  5. Expand and rearrange the equation into a quadratic form.

    3−3sin⁡θ=2−2sin⁡2θ3 - 3\sin\theta = 2 - 2\sin^2\theta 2sin⁡2θ−3sin⁡θ+3−2=02\sin^2\theta - 3\sin\theta + 3 - 2 = 0 2sin⁡2θ−3sin⁡θ+1=02\sin^2\theta - 3\sin\theta + 1 = 0
  6. Solve the quadratic equation for sin⁡θ\sin\theta.

    Let x=sin⁡θx = \sin\theta.

    2x2−3x+1=02x^2 - 3x + 1 = 0

    Factor the quadratic equation:

    (2x−1)(x−1)=0(2x - 1)(x - 1) = 0

    This gives two possible solutions for xx:
    2x−1=0  ⟹  x=122x - 1 = 0 \implies x = \frac{1}{2}
    x−1=0  ⟹  x=1x - 1 = 0 \implies x = 1

  7. Substitute back sin⁡θ\sin\theta and find the general solutions for θ\theta.

    Case 1: sin⁡θ=1\sin\theta = 1
    The general solution is θ=π2+2nπ\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} + 2n\pi, where nn is an integer.
    However, in Step 3, we established that cos⁡θ≠0\cos\theta \neq 0. If sin⁡θ=1\sin\theta = 1, then θ=π2+2nπ\theta = \frac{\pi}{2} + 2n\pi, which means cos⁡θ=0\cos\theta = 0. This would make sec⁡θ\sec\theta and tan⁡θ\tan\theta undefined in the original equation. Therefore, sin⁡θ=1\sin\theta = 1 is an extraneous solution.

    Case 2: sin⁡θ=12\sin\theta = \frac{1}{2}
    The general solutions are θ=π6+2nπ\theta = \frac{\pi}{6} + 2n\pi and θ=5π6+2nπ\theta = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2n\pi, where nn is an integer.
    For these values of θ\theta, cos⁡θ≠0\cos\theta \neq 0, so the original terms sec⁡θ\sec\theta and tan⁡θ\tan\theta are well-defined.

    The solutions for θ\theta are:

    θ=π6+2nπorθ=5π6+2nπ,where n∈Z\boxed{\theta = \frac{\pi}{6} + 2n\pi \quad \text{or} \quad \theta = \frac{5\pi}{6} + 2n\pi, \quad \text{where } n \in \mathbb{Z}}
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