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Use Gauss Elimination method to solve the linear systems of equations. x1 x2 + x3 = 0 -x1 + x2 - x3 = 0 10x1 + 25x3 = 90 20x1 + 10x2 = 80

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2 parts
3

2213\frac{22}{13}

6013\frac{60}{13}

3813\frac{38}{13}

4

−0.3242e−10t+3.0312e−100t+2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘) A-0.3242 e^{-10t} + 3.0312 e^{-100t} + 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ) \text{ A}

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Part 3· 6 steps

Use Gauss Elimination method to solve the linear systems of equations.
The system of equations is:

x1−x2+x3=0x_1 - x_2 + x_3 = 0 −x1+x2−x3=0-x_1 + x_2 - x_3 = 0 10x1+25x3=9010x_1 + 25x_3 = 90 20x1+10x2=8020x_1 + 10x_2 = 80
  1. Write the augmented matrix for the system.

    [1−11∣0−11−1∣010025∣9020100∣80]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ -1 & 1 & -1 & | & 0 \\ 10 & 0 & 25 & | & 90 \\ 20 & 10 & 0 & | & 80 \end{bmatrix}
  2. Perform row operations to achieve row echelon form.

    R2←R2+R1R_2 \leftarrow R_2 + R_1
    R3←R3−10R1R_3 \leftarrow R_3 - 10R_1
    R4←R4−20R1R_4 \leftarrow R_4 - 20R_1

    [1−11∣0000∣001015∣90030−20∣80]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 10 & 15 & | & 90 \\ 0 & 30 & -20 & | & 80 \end{bmatrix}
  3. Swap rows to bring non-zero rows to the top and simplify R3R_3.

    Swap R2R_2 with R3R_3.

    [1−11∣001015∣90000∣0030−20∣80]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 10 & 15 & | & 90 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 30 & -20 & | & 80 \end{bmatrix}

    Swap R3R_3 with R4R_4.

    [1−11∣001015∣90030−20∣80000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 10 & 15 & | & 90 \\ 0 & 30 & -20 & | & 80 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}

    R2←110R2R_2 \leftarrow \frac{1}{10}R_2

    [1−11∣0011.5∣9030−20∣80000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1.5 & | & 9 \\ 0 & 30 & -20 & | & 80 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}
  4. Continue row operations.

    R3←R3−30R2R_3 \leftarrow R_3 - 30R_2

    [1−11∣0011.5∣900−20−30(1.5)∣80−30(9)000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1.5 & | & 9 \\ 0 & 0 & -20 - 30(1.5) & | & 80 - 30(9) \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix} [1−11∣0011.5∣900−65∣−190000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1.5 & | & 9 \\ 0 & 0 & -65 & | & -190 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}
  5. Normalize the third row.

    R3←−165R3R_3 \leftarrow -\frac{1}{65}R_3

    [1−11∣0011.5∣9001∣19065000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1.5 & | & 9 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & \frac{190}{65} \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}

    Simplify the fraction: 19065=3813\frac{190}{65} = \frac{38}{13}.

    [1−11∣0011.5∣9001∣3813000∣0]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & -1 & 1 & | & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1.5 & | & 9 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & | & \frac{38}{13} \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & | & 0 \end{bmatrix}
  6. Use back substitution to solve for x1,x2,x3x_1, x_2, x_3.

    From the third row: x3=3813x_3 = \frac{38}{13}.
    From the second row: x2+1.5x3=9x_2 + 1.5x_3 = 9
    x2+32(3813)=9x_2 + \frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{38}{13}\right) = 9
    x2+5713=9x_2 + \frac{57}{13} = 9
    x2=9−5713=117−5713=6013x_2 = 9 - \frac{57}{13} = \frac{117 - 57}{13} = \frac{60}{13}.
    From the first row: x1−x2+x3=0x_1 - x_2 + x_3 = 0
    x1−6013+3813=0x_1 - \frac{60}{13} + \frac{38}{13} = 0
    x1−2213=0x_1 - \frac{22}{13} = 0
    x1=2213x_1 = \frac{22}{13}.
    The solution is x1=2213x_1 = \boxed{\frac{22}{13}}, x2=6013x_2 = \boxed{\frac{60}{13}}, x3=3813x_3 = \boxed{\frac{38}{13}}.

Part 4

−0.3242e−10t+3.0312e−100t+2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘) A-0.3242 e^{-10t} + 3.0312 e^{-100t} + 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ) \text{ A}

Find the current I(t)I(t) in an RLC circuit with R=11ΩR=11\Omega, L=0.1HL=0.1H, C=10−2FC=10^{-2}F which is connected to the source of emf E(t)=110sin⁡(120πt)E(t) = 110\sin(120\pi t) at a frequency of 60Hz60Hz, assuming the current and capacitor charge are 0 when t=0t=0 seconds.

Given: R=11ΩR=11\Omega, L=0.1HL=0.1H, C=10−2FC=10^{-2}F, E(t)=110sin⁡(120πt)E(t) = 110\sin(120\pi t).
Angular frequency ω=120π\omega = 120\pi rad/s.
Initial conditions: I(0)=0I(0)=0 and Q(0)=0Q(0)=0.

  1. Set up the differential equation for the charge Q(t)Q(t) in a series RLC circuit.

    Ld2Qdt2+RdQdt+1CQ=E(t)L \frac{d^2Q}{dt^2} + R \frac{dQ}{dt} + \frac{1}{C}Q = E(t)

    Substitute the given values:

    0.1d2Qdt2+11dQdt+110−2Q=110sin⁡(120πt)0.1 \frac{d^2Q}{dt^2} + 11 \frac{dQ}{dt} + \frac{1}{10^{-2}}Q = 110\sin(120\pi t) 0.1d2Qdt2+11dQdt+100Q=110sin⁡(120πt)0.1 \frac{d^2Q}{dt^2} + 11 \frac{dQ}{dt} + 100Q = 110\sin(120\pi t)
  2. Find the homogeneous solution Qh(t)Q_h(t) and the particular solution Qp(t)Q_p(t).

    The characteristic equation for the homogeneous part is 0.1r2+11r+100=00.1r^2 + 11r + 100 = 0, or r2+110r+1000=0r^2 + 110r + 1000 = 0.
    Using the quadratic formula, r=−110±1102−4(1000)2=−110±12100−40002=−110±81002=−110±902r = \frac{-110 \pm \sqrt{110^2 - 4(1000)}}{2} = \frac{-110 \pm \sqrt{12100 - 4000}}{2} = \frac{-110 \pm \sqrt{8100}}{2} = \frac{-110 \pm 90}{2}.
    The roots are r1=−10r_1 = -10 and r2=−100r_2 = -100.
    So, Qh(t)=Ae−10t+Be−100tQ_h(t) = A e^{-10t} + B e^{-100t}.

    For the particular solution Qp(t)Q_p(t), we use the phasor method for steady-state current.
    The impedance Z=R+j(ωL−1ωC)Z = R + j\left(\omega L - \frac{1}{\omega C}\right).
    ωL=120π×0.1=12π≈37.6991Ω\omega L = 120\pi \times 0.1 = 12\pi \approx 37.6991\Omega.
    1ωC=1120π×10−2=11.2π≈0.2653Ω\frac{1}{\omega C} = \frac{1}{120\pi \times 10^{-2}} = \frac{1}{1.2\pi} \approx 0.2653\Omega.
    Z=11+j(12π−11.2π)≈11+j(37.6991−0.2653)=11+j37.4338ΩZ = 11 + j(12\pi - \frac{1}{1.2\pi}) \approx 11 + j(37.6991 - 0.2653) = 11 + j37.4338\Omega.
    The magnitude of impedance ∣Z∣=112+(37.4338)2=121+1399.98=1520.98≈38.9997Ω|Z| = \sqrt{11^2 + (37.4338)^2} = \sqrt{121 + 1399.98} = \sqrt{1520.98} \approx 38.9997\Omega.
    The phase angle of impedance ϕZ=arctan⁡(37.433811)≈73.61∘≈1.2848\phi_Z = \arctan\left(\frac{37.4338}{11}\right) \approx 73.61^\circ \approx 1.2848 radians.
    The peak current Ipeak=Epeak∣Z∣=11038.9997≈2.8205I_{peak} = \frac{E_{peak}}{|Z|} = \frac{110}{38.9997} \approx 2.8205 A.
    The steady-state current is Ip(t)=Ipeaksin⁡(ωt−ϕZ)=2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘)I_p(t) = I_{peak} \sin(\omega t - \phi_Z) = 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ).
    The steady-state charge Qp(t)Q_p(t) leads the current by 90∘90^\circ in a capacitive circuit, or lags the voltage by 90∘90^\circ.
    Qp(t)=Ipeakωsin⁡(ωt−ϕZ−π2)=2.8205120πsin⁡(120πt−73.61∘−90∘)Q_p(t) = \frac{I_{peak}}{\omega} \sin(\omega t - \phi_Z - \frac{\pi}{2}) = \frac{2.8205}{120\pi} \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ - 90^\circ)
    Qp(t)=0.00747sin⁡(120πt−163.61∘)Q_p(t) = 0.00747 \sin(120\pi t - 163.61^\circ).
    Alternatively, Qp(t)=C1cos⁡(120πt)+C2sin⁡(120πt)Q_p(t) = C_1 \cos(120\pi t) + C_2 \sin(120\pi t), where C1≈−0.002108C_1 \approx -0.002108 and C2≈−0.007173C_2 \approx -0.007173 (from previous thought process).

  3. Apply initial conditions to the total solution Q(t)=Qh(t)+Qp(t)Q(t) = Q_h(t) + Q_p(t).

    Q(t)=Ae−10t+Be−100t+0.00747sin⁡(120πt−163.61∘)Q(t) = A e^{-10t} + B e^{-100t} + 0.00747 \sin(120\pi t - 163.61^\circ).
    I(t)=dQdt=−10Ae−10t−100Be−100t+2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘)I(t) = \frac{dQ}{dt} = -10A e^{-10t} - 100B e^{-100t} + 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ).

    Using Q(0)=0Q(0)=0:
    0=Ae0+Be0+0.00747sin⁡(−163.61∘)0 = A e^0 + B e^0 + 0.00747 \sin(-163.61^\circ)
    0=A+B+0.00747(−0.2822)0 = A + B + 0.00747(-0.2822)
    0=A+B−0.0021080 = A + B - 0.002108
    A+B=0.002108(Eq.1)A + B = 0.002108 \quad (Eq. 1)

    Using I(0)=0I(0)=0:
    0=−10Ae0−100Be0+2.8205sin⁡(−73.61∘)0 = -10A e^0 - 100B e^0 + 2.8205 \sin(-73.61^\circ)
    0=−10A−100B+2.8205(−0.9599)0 = -10A - 100B + 2.8205(-0.9599)
    0=−10A−100B−2.7070 = -10A - 100B - 2.707
    −10A−100B=2.707(Eq.2)-10A - 100B = 2.707 \quad (Eq. 2)

  4. Solve the system of equations for AA and BB.

    From (Eq. 1), A=0.002108−BA = 0.002108 - B. Substitute into (Eq. 2):
    −10(0.002108−B)−100B=2.707-10(0.002108 - B) - 100B = 2.707
    −0.02108+10B−100B=2.707-0.02108 + 10B - 100B = 2.707
    −90B=2.707+0.02108-90B = 2.707 + 0.02108
    −90B=2.72808-90B = 2.72808
    B=−2.7280890≈−0.030312B = -\frac{2.72808}{90} \approx -0.030312
    A=0.002108−(−0.030312)=0.002108+0.030312=0.03242A = 0.002108 - (-0.030312) = 0.002108 + 0.030312 = 0.03242.

    The current I(t)I(t) is:

    I(t)=−10(0.03242)e−10t−100(−0.030312)e−100t+2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘)I(t) = -10(0.03242) e^{-10t} - 100(-0.030312) e^{-100t} + 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ) I(t)=−0.3242e−10t+3.0312e−100t+2.8205sin⁡(120πt−73.61∘) AI(t) = \boxed{-0.3242 e^{-10t} + 3.0312 e^{-100t} + 2.8205 \sin(120\pi t - 73.61^\circ) \text{ A}}
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