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A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 s at an angle of 35° to the ground. Calculate: (a) The maximum height reached. (b) The time of flight. (c) The range.

Physics

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Part 5· 6 steps

A tennis ball is projected with a velocity of 20 m/s20 \text{ m/s} into the air at an angle of 30∘30^\circ with respect to the horizontal axis.

  • (i) Calculate the horizontal component of the velocity at the maximum height R.
  1. Identify the horizontal component of initial velocity.

    The horizontal component of velocity ($v_x$) remains constant throughout the projectile's flight, assuming no air resistance.
    $$
    v_x = v_0 \cos \theta
    $$
    
  2. Substitute the given values.

    $$
    v_x = 20 \text{ m/s} \times \cos 30^\circ
    $$
    $$
    v_x = 20 \text{ m/s} \times \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}
    $$
    $$
    v_x \approx 17.32 \text{ m/s}
    $$
    The horizontal component of the velocity at maximum height is $\boxed{\text{17.32 m/s}}$.
    
    • (ii) Calculate the vertical component of the velocity at the maximum height R.
  3. Understand velocity at maximum height.

    At the maximum height of a projectile's trajectory, the vertical component of its velocity momentarily becomes zero.  
    The vertical component of the velocity at maximum height is $\boxed{\text{0 m/s}}$.
    
    • (iii) If the maximum horizontal distance reached is 50 m, calculate the time of flight.
  4. Identify given values and the formula.

    Given: Maximum horizontal distance (Range), $R = 50 \text{ m}$.  
    Initial velocity, $v_0 = 20 \text{ m/s}$.  
    Launch angle, $\theta = 30^\circ$.  
    The horizontal component of velocity is constant: $v_x = v_0 \cos \theta$.  
    The time of flight ($T$) is related to the range by $R = v_x T$.
    
  5. Calculate the horizontal component of velocity.

    $$
    v_x = v_0 \cos \theta = 20 \text{ m/s} \times \cos 30^\circ
    $$
    $$
    v_x = 20 \text{ m/s} \times 0.866
    $$
    $$
    v_x = 17.32 \text{ m/s}
    $$
    
  6. Calculate the time of flight.

    $$
    T = \frac{R}{v_x}
    $$
    $$
    T = \frac{50 \text{ m}}{17.32 \text{ m/s}}
    $$
    $$
    T \approx 2.89 \text{ s}
    $$
    The time of flight is $\boxed{\text{2.89 s}}$.
    

Part 6· 7 steps

A tennis ball rolls off a 1.5 m high table at an initial horizontal velocity of 2 m/s.

  • (a) How long does it take for the ball to reach the floor?
  1. Use the vertical motion equation.

    The vertical displacement is $h = 1.5 \text{ m}$. The initial vertical velocity $v_{0y} = 0 \text{ m/s}$.
    $$
    h = v_{0y}t + \frac{1}{2}gt^2
    $$
    
  2. Substitute the values.

    $$
    1.5 \text{ m} = (0 \text{ m/s})t + \frac{1}{2}(9.8 \text{ m/s}^2)t^2
    $$
    $$
    1.5 = 4.9t^2
    $$
    
  3. Solve for tt.

    $$
    t^2 = \frac{1.5}{4.9}
    $$
    $$
    t = \sqrt{\frac{1.5}{4.9}}
    $$
    $$
    t \approx 0.553 \text{ s}
    $$
    The time taken to reach the floor is $\boxed{\text{0.55 s}}$.
    
    • (b) How far does the ball land from the table?
  4. Use the horizontal motion equation.

    The horizontal distance ($R$) is given by $R = v_{0x}t$.
    
  5. Substitute the values.

    Using the time $t \approx 0.553 \text{ s}$ from part (a) and $v_{0x} = 2 \text{ m/s}$.
    $$
    R = 2 \text{ m/s} \times 0.553 \text{ s}
    $$
    $$
    R \approx 1.11 \text{ m}
    $$
    The ball lands approximately $\boxed{\text{1.11 m}}$ from the table.
    
    • (c) What is the impact velocity of the ball?
  6. Calculate the horizontal and vertical components of the impact velocity.

    The horizontal velocity ($v_x$) remains constant:
    $$
    v_x = v_{0x} = 2 \text{ m/s}
    $$
    The vertical velocity ($v_y$) at impact is:
    $$
    v_y = v_{0y} + gt
    $$
    $$
    v_y = 0 \text{ m/s} + (9.8 \text{ m/s}^2)(0.553 \text{ s})
    $$
    $$
    v_y \approx 5.42 \text{ m/s}
    $$
    
  7. Calculate the magnitude of the impact velocity.

    The impact velocity ($v$) is the resultant of its horizontal and vertical components:
    $$
    v = \sqrt{v_x^2 + v_y^2}
    $$
    $$
    v = \sqrt{(2 \text{ m/s})^2 + (5.42 \text{ m/s})^2}
    $$
    $$
    v = \sqrt{4 + 29.38}
    $$
    $$
    v = \sqrt{33.38}
    $$
    $$
    v \approx 5.78 \text{ m/s}
    $$
    The impact velocity of the ball is approximately $\boxed{\text{5.78 m/s}}$.
    

Part 7· 6 steps

A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 25 m/s25 \text{ m/s} at an angle of 35∘35^\circ to the ground.

  • (a) The maximum height reached.
  1. Use the formula for maximum height (HH).

    $$
    H = \frac{v_0^2 \sin^2 \theta}{2g}
    $$
    
  2. Substitute the values.

    Given $v_0 = 25 \text{ m/s}$, $\theta = 35^\circ$, $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$.
    $$
    \sin 35^\circ \approx 0.5736
    $$
    $$
    H = \frac{(25 \text{ m/s})^2 (0.5736)^2}{2 \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2}
    $$
    $$
    H = \frac{625 \times 0.3289}{19.6}
    $$
    $$
    H = \frac{205.5625}{19.6}
    $$
    $$
    H \approx 10.49 \text{ m}
    $$
    The maximum height reached is $\boxed{\text{10.49 m}}$.
    
    • (b) The time of flight.
  3. Use the formula for the time of flight (TT).

    $$
    T = \frac{2 v_0 \sin \theta}{g}
    $$
    
  4. Substitute the values.

    $$
    \sin 35^\circ \approx 0.5736
    $$
    $$
    T = \frac{2 \times 25 \text{ m/s} \times 0.5736}{9.8 \text{ m/s}^2}
    $$
    $$
    T = \frac{50 \times 0.5736}{9.8}
    $$
    $$
    T = \frac{28.68}{9.8}
    $$
    $$
    T \approx 2.93 \text{ s}
    $$
    The time of flight is $\boxed{\text{2.93 s}}$.
    
    • (c) The range.
  5. Use the formula for the range (RR).

    $$
    R = \frac{v_0^2 \sin(2\theta)}{g}
    $$
    
  6. Substitute the values.

    $$
    2\theta = 2 \times 35^\circ = 70^\circ
    $$
    $$
    \sin 70^\circ \approx 0.9397
    $$
    $$
    R = \frac{(25 \text{ m/s})^2 \sin(70^\circ)}{9.8 \text{ m/s}^2}
    $$
    $$
    R = \frac{625 \times 0.9397}{9.8}
    $$
    $$
    R = \frac{587.3125}{9.8}
    $$
    $$
    R \approx 59.93 \text{ m}
    $$
    The range is $\boxed{\text{59.93 m}}$.
    
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