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And also calculate the total change in the 150 microfarad capacitor

Physics

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Answer

180 μC180 \, \mu C

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

This problem involves two phases of a circuit with capacitors.

  1. Analyze the circuit when Z is connected to X.

    When the switch Z is closed at point X, the 100 μF100 \, \mu F capacitor (let's call it C1C_1) is connected in series with the 1.5 kΩ1.5 \, k\Omega resistor and the 3.00 V3.00 \, V battery. The 150 μF150 \, \mu F capacitor (C2C_2) is not part of this circuit.
    The problem states that C1C_1 is fully charged. When a capacitor is fully charged in a DC circuit, the voltage across it equals the source voltage, and no current flows through the resistor.
    The initial charge on C1C_1 is QC1,initial=C1VbatteryQ_{C1, initial} = C_1 V_{battery}.

    QC1,initial=(100×10−6 F)×(3.00 V)=300×10−6 C=300 μCQ_{C1, initial} = (100 \times 10^{-6} \, F) \times (3.00 \, V) = 300 \times 10^{-6} \, C = 300 \, \mu C

    The 150 μF150 \, \mu F capacitor (C2C_2) is initially uncharged, so its initial charge is QC2,initial=0 μCQ_{C2, initial} = 0 \, \mu C.

  2. Analyze the circuit when Z is moved to Y.

    When Z is moved to Y, the 100 μF100 \, \mu F capacitor (C1C_1) is now connected in parallel with the 150 μF150 \, \mu F capacitor (C2C_2). The battery and resistor are no longer part of this closed loop.
    Since the capacitors are connected in parallel, they will share the total charge until they reach a common voltage. The total charge in this isolated system is conserved.
    Total initial charge Qtotal=QC1,initial+QC2,initial=300 μC+0 μC=300 μCQ_{total} = Q_{C1, initial} + Q_{C2, initial} = 300 \, \mu C + 0 \, \mu C = 300 \, \mu C.

    The equivalent capacitance of C1C_1 and C2C_2 in parallel is Ceq=C1+C2C_{eq} = C_1 + C_2.

    Ceq=100 μF+150 μF=250 μFC_{eq} = 100 \, \mu F + 150 \, \mu F = 250 \, \mu F

    The final common voltage across both capacitors, VfinalV_{final}, can be found using Qtotal=CeqVfinalQ_{total} = C_{eq} V_{final}.

    Vfinal=QtotalCeq=300 μC250 μF=300×10−6 C250×10−6 F=1.2 VV_{final} = \frac{Q_{total}}{C_{eq}} = \frac{300 \, \mu C}{250 \, \mu F} = \frac{300 \times 10^{-6} \, C}{250 \times 10^{-6} \, F} = 1.2 \, V
  3. Calculate the total change in the 150 microfarad capacitor.

    The question asks for the total change in the 150 μF150 \, \mu F capacitor, which refers to the change in its charge.
    The final charge on C2C_2 (150 μF150 \, \mu F) is QC2,final=C2VfinalQ_{C2, final} = C_2 V_{final}.

    QC2,final=(150×10−6 F)×(1.2 V)=180×10−6 C=180 μCQ_{C2, final} = (150 \times 10^{-6} \, F) \times (1.2 \, V) = 180 \times 10^{-6} \, C = 180 \, \mu C

    The change in charge on C2C_2 is ΔQC2=QC2,final−QC2,initial\Delta Q_{C2} = Q_{C2, final} - Q_{C2, initial}.

    ΔQC2=180 μC−0 μC=180 μC\Delta Q_{C2} = 180 \, \mu C - 0 \, \mu C = 180 \, \mu C

    The total change in the 150 μF150 \, \mu F capacitor is 180 μC\boxed{180 \, \mu C}.

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