This physics problem tests your understanding of fundamental physical laws and their applications. The step-by-step solution below breaks down the problem using relevant equations and physical reasoning.
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Here are the solutions to your questions: 1. Calculate the current that must be passed into a solution of aluminum salt for 2hrs in order to deposit 2.5g of aluminum? Step 1: Identify the given values and constants. • Mass of aluminum (m) = 2.5 \, g • Time (t) = 2 \, hrs • Molar mass of aluminum (M) = 26.98 \, g/mol (approximately 27 \, g/mol) • Charge of aluminum ion (z) = 3 (since aluminum forms Al^3+) • Faraday's constant (F) = 96485 \, C/mol Step 2: Convert time from hours to seconds. t = 2 \, hrs × 60 \, min1 \, hr × 60 \, s1 \, min = 7200 \, s Step 3: Use Faraday's first law of electrolysis to calculate the current (I). The formula is m = (ItM)/(zF). Rearrange to solve for I: I = (mzF)/(Mt) Substitute the values: I = (2.5 \, g) × 3 × (96485 \, C/mol)(26.98 \, g/mol) × (7200 \, s) I = 723637.5 \, C194256 \, s I ≈ 3.725 \, A The current required is 3.73 A. 2. An example of insoluble chloride in water is: An example of an insoluble chloride in water is silver chloride (AgCl). Other examples include lead(II) chloride (PbCl_2) and mercury(I) chloride (Hg_2Cl_2). 3. SO₂ can be used as: SO_2 (sulfur dioxide) can be used as a preservative (e.g., in wines and dried fruits) and as a bleaching agent (e.g., for wool and silk). 4. If the mass number of X is 24 and X²⁺ contains 10 electrons, the nucleus will consist of: Step 1: Determine the number of protons. • The ion X^2+ has 10 electrons. • Since it has a +2 charge, it has lost 2 electrons. • Therefore, the neutral atom X must have had 10 + 2 = 12 electrons. • In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons. So, the number of protons in X is 12. Step 2: Determine the number of neutrons. • The mass number (A) is given as 24. • The mass number is the sum of protons (Z) and neutrons (N): A = Z + N. • We found the number of protons (Z) to be 12. 24 = 12 + N N = 24 - 12 N = 12 The nucleus of X will consist of 12 protons and 12 neutrons.