Calculate the energy consumed by a bread toaster given voltage, current, and time.

Current, $I = 4.0 \text{ A}$
Voltage, $V = 240.0 \text{ V}$
Time, $t = 1 \text{ minute}$

Energy ($E$) is given by the product of voltage ($V$), current ($I$), and time ($t$):

Express in scientific notation:

Comparing with the given options:

Number of capacitors, $n = 3$
Capacitance of each capacitor, $C_1 = C_2 = C_3 = C$
Connection type: Series

For capacitors connected in series, the reciprocal of the equivalent capacitance ($C_{eq}$) is the sum of the reciprocals of individual capacitances:

To find $C_{eq}$, take the reciprocal of both sides:

The equivalent capacitance is $\boxed{\text{a) } C/3}$.

Hooke's Law states that the force ($F$) required to extend or compress a spring by some distance ($x$) is directly proportional to that distance, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded.
Mathematically, this is expressed as:

Where $k$ is the spring constant.

The problem states that the force needed to elongate an elastic object by an amount "S" is proportional to "S".
According to Hooke's Law, the force ($F$) is directly proportional to the elongation ($S$).

The force needed to elongate an elastic object by an amount "S" is proportional to $\boxed{\text{a) S}}$.