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Calculate the final temperature when 200 g of ice at 0°C is mixed with 500 g of water at 60°C.

Physics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Answer

20∘C\text{20}^\circ\text{C}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Convert the given masses from grams to kilograms.

    mice=200 g=0.2 kgm_{ice} = 200 \text{ g} = 0.2 \text{ kg} mwater=500 g=0.5 kgm_{water} = 500 \text{ g} = 0.5 \text{ kg}
  2. Calculate the heat required to melt the ice at 0∘C0^\circ\text{C} to water at 0∘C0^\circ\text{C}.

    The formula for latent heat of fusion is Q=mLfQ = mL_f.

    Qmelt=mice×LfQ_{melt} = m_{ice} \times L_f Qmelt=0.2 kg×336,000 J/kgQ_{melt} = 0.2 \text{ kg} \times 336,000 \text{ J/kg} Qmelt=67,200 JQ_{melt} = 67,200 \text{ J}
  3. Set up the heat balance equation.

    Assuming no heat loss, the heat lost by the hot water equals the heat gained by the ice (to melt) plus the heat gained by the melted ice (to raise its temperature to the final temperature, TfT_f).
    Heat lost by hot water = Heat gained by ice (melting) + Heat gained by melted ice (warming up)

    mwatercw(Tinitial_water−Tf)=Qmelt+micecw(Tf−Tinitial_ice)m_{water} c_w (T_{initial\_water} - T_f) = Q_{melt} + m_{ice} c_w (T_f - T_{initial\_ice})

    Substitute the known values:

    0.5 kg×4,200 J/kg∘C×(60∘C−Tf)=67,200 J+0.2 kg×4,200 J/kg∘C×(Tf−0∘C)0.5 \text{ kg} \times 4,200 \text{ J/kg}^\circ\text{C} \times (60^\circ\text{C} - T_f) = 67,200 \text{ J} + 0.2 \text{ kg} \times 4,200 \text{ J/kg}^\circ\text{C} \times (T_f - 0^\circ\text{C})
  4. Solve the equation for TfT_f.

    2,100(60−Tf)=67,200+840Tf2,100 (60 - T_f) = 67,200 + 840 T_f 126,000−2,100Tf=67,200+840Tf126,000 - 2,100 T_f = 67,200 + 840 T_f

    Rearrange the terms to solve for TfT_f:

    126,000−67,200=840Tf+2,100Tf126,000 - 67,200 = 840 T_f + 2,100 T_f 58,800=2,940Tf58,800 = 2,940 T_f Tf=58,8002,940T_f = \frac{58,800}{2,940} Tf=20∘CT_f = 20^\circ\text{C}

    The final temperature of the mixture is 20∘C\text{20}^\circ\text{C}.

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