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4 parts
a

4.4 Ω\text{4.4 } \Omega

b

2.73 A\text{2.73 A}

c

1.64 A\text{1.64 A}

d

6.55 V\text{6.55 V}

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

Here's the solution to the physics problem:

Given:

  • Voltage of the battery (VV) = 12 V12 \, \text{V}
  • Resistance R1=2 ΩR_1 = 2 \, \Omega
  • Resistance R2=4 ΩR_2 = 4 \, \Omega
  • Resistance R3=6 ΩR_3 = 6 \, \Omega

Part a· 2 steps

Total resistance of the circuit

  1. Calculate the equivalent resistance of R2R_2 and R3R_3 which are connected in parallel.

    The formula for two resistors in parallel is 1Rp=1R2+1R3\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3}.

    1Rp=14 Ω+16 Ω\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{1}{4 \, \Omega} + \frac{1}{6 \, \Omega}

    To add these fractions, find a common denominator, which is 12.

    1Rp=312 Ω+212 Ω\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{3}{12 \, \Omega} + \frac{2}{12 \, \Omega} 1Rp=3+212 Ω\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{3+2}{12 \, \Omega} 1Rp=512 Ω\frac{1}{R_p} = \frac{5}{12 \, \Omega} Rp=125 ΩR_p = \frac{12}{5} \, \Omega Rp=2.4 ΩR_p = 2.4 \, \Omega
  2. Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.

    The equivalent resistance RpR_p is in series with R1R_1. The formula for resistors in series is Rtotal=R1+RpR_{total} = R_1 + R_p.

    Rtotal=2 Ω+2.4 ΩR_{total} = 2 \, \Omega + 2.4 \, \Omega Rtotal=4.4 ΩR_{total} = 4.4 \, \Omega

    The total resistance of the circuit is 4.4 Ω\boxed{\text{4.4 } \Omega}.

Part b

2.73 A\text{2.73 A}

Total current flowing from the battery

  1. Use Ohm's Law to find the total current.

    Ohm's Law states V=IRV = I R, so Itotal=VRtotalI_{total} = \frac{V}{R_{total}}.

    Itotal=12 V4.4 ΩI_{total} = \frac{12 \, \text{V}}{4.4 \, \Omega} Itotal=12044 AI_{total} = \frac{120}{44} \, \text{A} Itotal=3011 AI_{total} = \frac{30}{11} \, \text{A} Itotal≈2.73 AI_{total} \approx 2.73 \, \text{A}

    The total current flowing from the battery is 2.73 A\boxed{\text{2.73 A}}.

Part c

1.64 A\text{1.64 A}

Current flowing through R2R_2

  1. Calculate the potential difference (voltage) across the parallel combination (RpR_p).

    The total current ItotalI_{total} flows through R1R_1 and then through the parallel combination RpR_p. So, the voltage across RpR_p is Vp=Itotal×RpV_p = I_{total} \times R_p.

    Vp=3011 A×2.4 ΩV_p = \frac{30}{11} \, \text{A} \times 2.4 \, \Omega Vp=3011×125 VV_p = \frac{30}{11} \times \frac{12}{5} \, \text{V} Vp=6×1211 VV_p = \frac{6 \times 12}{11} \, \text{V} Vp=7211 VV_p = \frac{72}{11} \, \text{V} Vp≈6.55 VV_p \approx 6.55 \, \text{V}
  2. Calculate the current flowing through R2R_2.

    Using Ohm's Law for R2R_2: I2=VpR2I_2 = \frac{V_p}{R_2}.

    I2=7211 V4 ΩI_2 = \frac{\frac{72}{11} \, \text{V}}{4 \, \Omega} I2=7211×4 AI_2 = \frac{72}{11 \times 4} \, \text{A} I2=1811 AI_2 = \frac{18}{11} \, \text{A} I2≈1.64 AI_2 \approx 1.64 \, \text{A}

    The current flowing through R2R_2 is 1.64 A\boxed{\text{1.64 A}}.

Part d

6.55 V\text{6.55 V}

Potential difference across R3R_3

  1. Recognize that resistors in parallel have the same potential difference across them.

    Since R2R_2 and R3R_3 are in parallel, the potential difference across R3R_3 (V3V_3) is the same as the potential difference across R2R_2 and the parallel combination (VpV_p).

    V3=VpV_3 = V_p V3=7211 VV_3 = \frac{72}{11} \, \text{V} V3≈6.55 VV_3 \approx 6.55 \, \text{V}

    The potential difference across R3R_3 is 6.55 V\boxed{\text{6.55 V}}.

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