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Calculate the force F on the wire shown in the figure, given the current I = 1A, magnetic field B = 2T, and the parabolic shape of the wire described by y2 = 2x, with AC = 2m.

Physics

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Answer

4 N\text{4 N}

Step-by-step solution

2 steps
  1. Identify the given parameters and the effective length vector.

    The magnetic field is uniform and into the page, with magnitude B=2 TB = 2 \, \text{T}.
    The current flowing through the wire is I=1 AI = 1 \, \text{A}.
    The wire segment follows the path of the parabola y2=2xy^2 = 2x from point C to point A.
    The vertical distance between C and A is given as AC=2 mAC = 2 \, \text{m}.
    Since the parabola is symmetric about the x-axis and the points C and A lie on a vertical line (same x-coordinate), if the y-coordinate of C is yCy_C and A is yAy_A, then yC=−yAy_C = -y_A.
    Given AC=∣yC−yA∣=∣yC−(−yC)∣=∣2yC∣=2 mAC = |y_C - y_A| = |y_C - (-y_C)| = |2y_C| = 2 \, \text{m}.
    Therefore, yC=1 my_C = 1 \, \text{m} and yA=−1 my_A = -1 \, \text{m}.
    Now, find the x-coordinates using y2=2xy^2 = 2x:
    For point C: xC=yC22=(1)22=0.5 mx_C = \frac{y_C^2}{2} = \frac{(1)^2}{2} = 0.5 \, \text{m}. So, C=(0.5,1)C = (0.5, 1).
    For point A: xA=yA22=(−1)22=0.5 mx_A = \frac{y_A^2}{2} = \frac{(-1)^2}{2} = 0.5 \, \text{m}. So, A=(0.5,−1)A = (0.5, -1).
    The current flows from C to A. The effective length vector L⃗eff\vec{L}_{eff} is the displacement vector from C to A:

    L⃗eff=(xA−xC)i^+(yA−yC)j^\vec{L}_{eff} = (x_A - x_C)\hat{i} + (y_A - y_C)\hat{j} L⃗eff=(0.5−0.5)i^+(−1−1)j^\vec{L}_{eff} = (0.5 - 0.5)\hat{i} + (-1 - 1)\hat{j} L⃗eff=0i^−2j^=−2j^ m\vec{L}_{eff} = 0\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} = -2\hat{j} \, \text{m}

    The magnetic field B⃗\vec{B} is into the page. If i^\hat{i} is along x and j^\hat{j} is along y, then k^\hat{k} is out of the page. So, into the page is −k^-\hat{k}.

    B⃗=−2k^ T\vec{B} = -2\hat{k} \, \text{T}
  2. Calculate the magnetic force.

    For a current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field, the magnetic force is given by:

    F⃗=I(L⃗eff×B⃗)\vec{F} = I (\vec{L}_{eff} \times \vec{B})

    Substitute the values:

    F⃗=(1 A)((−2j^ m)×(−2k^ T))\vec{F} = (1 \, \text{A}) ((-2\hat{j} \, \text{m}) \times (-2\hat{k} \, \text{T})) F⃗=(1)((−2)×(−2))(j^×k^) N\vec{F} = (1) ((-2) \times (-2)) (\hat{j} \times \hat{k}) \, \text{N}

    Recall the cross product identity j^×k^=i^\hat{j} \times \hat{k} = \hat{i}:

    F⃗=4(i^) N\vec{F} = 4 (\hat{i}) \, \text{N} F⃗=4i^ N\vec{F} = 4\hat{i} \, \text{N}

    The magnitude of the force is 4 N4 \, \text{N}.

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