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Calculate the speed of sound in a gas mixture of 4 moles of H2 and 1 mole of O2 at 27°C, given the adiabatic index of the mixture is 1.4.

Physics

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To find the speed of sound in a gas mixture, we use the formula:

v=γmixRTMmixv = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{\text{mix}} R T}{M_{\text{mix}}}}

where γmix\gamma_{\text{mix}} is the effective adiabatic index of the mixture, RR is the universal gas constant, TT is the absolute temperature, and MmixM_{\text{mix}} is the effective molar mass of the mixture.

  1. Convert the temperature to Kelvin.

    Given temperature T=27∘CT = 27^\circ\text{C}.

    T=27+273.15=300.15 K≈300 KT = 27 + 273.15 = 300.15 \text{ K} \approx 300 \text{ K}
  2. Calculate the molar masses of Hydrogen (H2_2) and Oxygen (O2_2).

    Molar mass of H = 1 g/mol1 \text{ g/mol}. Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol16 \text{ g/mol}.

    MH2=2×1=2 g/mol=0.002 kg/molM_{\text{H}_2} = 2 \times 1 = 2 \text{ g/mol} = 0.002 \text{ kg/mol} MO2=2×16=32 g/mol=0.032 kg/molM_{\text{O}_2} = 2 \times 16 = 32 \text{ g/mol} = 0.032 \text{ kg/mol}
  3. Calculate the effective molar mass (MmixM_{\text{mix}}) of the mixture.

    Number of moles of H2_2 (nH2n_{\text{H}_2}) = 4 moles
    Number of moles of O2_2 (nO2n_{\text{O}_2}) = 1 mole
    Total moles (ntotaln_{\text{total}}) = 4+1=54 + 1 = 5 moles
    The effective molar mass is given by:

    Mmix=nH2MH2+nO2MO2ntotalM_{\text{mix}} = \frac{n_{\text{H}_2} M_{\text{H}_2} + n_{\text{O}_2} M_{\text{O}_2}}{n_{\text{total}}} Mmix=(4 mol×0.002 kg/mol)+(1 mol×0.032 kg/mol)5 molM_{\text{mix}} = \frac{(4 \text{ mol} \times 0.002 \text{ kg/mol}) + (1 \text{ mol} \times 0.032 \text{ kg/mol})}{5 \text{ mol}} Mmix=0.008 kg+0.032 kg5 molM_{\text{mix}} = \frac{0.008 \text{ kg} + 0.032 \text{ kg}}{5 \text{ mol}} Mmix=0.040 kg5 mol=0.008 kg/molM_{\text{mix}} = \frac{0.040 \text{ kg}}{5 \text{ mol}} = 0.008 \text{ kg/mol}
  4. Determine the effective adiabatic index (γmix\gamma_{\text{mix}}) for the mixture.

    Both Hydrogen (H2_2) and Oxygen (O2_2) are diatomic gases. For diatomic gases, the adiabatic index γ=CpCv=7/2R5/2R=75=1.4\gamma = \frac{C_p}{C_v} = \frac{7/2 R}{5/2 R} = \frac{7}{5} = 1.4.
    Since both components of the mixture are diatomic, the effective adiabatic index for the mixture will also be 1.4.

    γmix=1.4\gamma_{\text{mix}} = 1.4
  5. Calculate the speed of sound.

    Given R=8.31 J mol−1 K−1R = 8.31 \text{ J mol}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1}.

    v=γmixRTMmixv = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma_{\text{mix}} R T}{M_{\text{mix}}}} v=1.4×8.31 J mol−1 K−1×300 K0.008 kg/molv = \sqrt{\frac{1.4 \times 8.31 \text{ J mol}^{-1} \text{ K}^{-1} \times 300 \text{ K}}{0.008 \text{ kg/mol}}} v=3490.20.008 m/sv = \sqrt{\frac{3490.2}{0.008}} \text{ m/s} v=436275 m/sv = \sqrt{436275} \text{ m/s} v≈660.51 m/sv \approx 660.51 \text{ m/s}

    Comparing this value with the given options:
    (A) 600 ms−1600 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (B) 660 ms−1660 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (C) 630 ms−1630 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    (D) 700 ms−1700 \text{ ms}^{-1}
    The calculated speed of sound is approximately 660 ms−1660 \text{ ms}^{-1}.

    The final answer is (B)\boxed{\text{(B)}}.

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