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What is the centripetal acceleration of the moon, given its orbital radius and period?

Physics

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Answer

0.0139 m/s2\text{0.0139 m/s}^2

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

To determine the centripetal acceleration of the moon, we will use the formula ac=rω2a_c = r\omega^2, where rr is the radius of the circular path and ω\omega is the angular velocity. The angular velocity can be found using the period TT with the formula ω=2πT\omega = \frac{2\pi}{T}.

  1. Convert the period from days to seconds.

    Given period T=12.1 daysT = 12.1 \text{ days}.
    There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute.

    T=12.1 days×24 hours1 day×60 minutes1 hour×60 seconds1 minuteT = 12.1 \text{ days} \times \frac{24 \text{ hours}}{1 \text{ day}} \times \frac{60 \text{ minutes}}{1 \text{ hour}} \times \frac{60 \text{ seconds}}{1 \text{ minute}} T=12.1×24×3600 sT = 12.1 \times 24 \times 3600 \text{ s} T=1044240 sT = 1044240 \text{ s}
  2. Calculate the angular velocity (ω\omega).

    The formula for angular velocity is ω=2πT\omega = \frac{2\pi}{T}.

    ω=2π1044240 s\omega = \frac{2\pi}{1044240 \text{ s}} ω≈6.2831851044240 rad/s\omega \approx \frac{6.283185}{1044240} \text{ rad/s} ω≈6.0169×10−6 rad/s\omega \approx 6.0169 \times 10^{-6} \text{ rad/s}
  3. Calculate the centripetal acceleration (aca_c).

    The formula for centripetal acceleration is ac=rω2a_c = r\omega^2.
    Given radius r=3.85×108 mr = 3.85 \times 10^8 \text{ m}.

    ac=(3.85×108 m)×(6.0169×10−6 rad/s)2a_c = (3.85 \times 10^8 \text{ m}) \times (6.0169 \times 10^{-6} \text{ rad/s})^2 ac=(3.85×108)×(3.6203×10−11) m/s2a_c = (3.85 \times 10^8) \times (3.6203 \times 10^{-11}) \text{ m/s}^2 ac≈0.013938 m/s2a_c \approx 0.013938 \text{ m/s}^2

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    ac≈0.0139 m/s2a_c \approx 0.0139 \text{ m/s}^2

    The centripetal acceleration of the moon towards the earth is:

    0.0139 m/s2\text{0.0139 m/s}^2
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