Biology Jss3 Weekend Assignment 1.(a) Identify the five kingdoms of living things (b) State three characteristics of each of the following I) kingdom Monera (ii) kingdom Plantae (iii) Kingdom Animalia 2.(a)Define ecosystem (b) Identify and explain the two components of ecosystem and give examples of each. (c) Explain any three ecological relationship 3.(a) What is Biotechnology? (d) Distinguish between the two types of biotechnology.

Question 1: 1.(a) Identify the five kingdoms of living things

The five kingdoms of living things are Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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Question 2: 1.(b) State three characteristics of each of the following I) kingdom Monera (ii) kingdom Plantae (iii) Kingdom Animalia

I) Kingdom Monera:

1. They are prokaryotic (lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles).
2. They are typically unicellular.
3. They can be autotrophic (e.g., cyanobacteria) or heterotrophic (e.g., most bacteria).

II) Kingdom Plantae:

1. They are multicellular eukaryotes.
2. They are autotrophic, meaning they produce their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
3. Their cells have rigid cell walls made of cellulose.

III) Kingdom Animalia:

1. They are multicellular eukaryotes.
2. They are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain food by ingesting other organisms.
3. They lack cell walls and are typically motile (can move) at some stage of their life cycle.

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Question 3: 2.(a)Define ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (biotic components) interacting with their non-living physical and chemical environment (abiotic components).

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Question 4: 2.(b) Identify and explain the two components of ecosystem and give examples of each.

The two components of an ecosystem are:

1. Biotic Components: These are all the living organisms within the ecosystem.
   • Examples: Plants (producers), animals (consumers), fungi and bacteria (decomposers).
2. Abiotic Components: These are the non-living physical and chemical factors that influence the living organisms.
   • Examples: Sunlight, water, soil, temperature, air, pH, minerals.

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Question 5: 2.(c) Explain any three ecological relationship

Three ecological relationships are:

1. Mutualism: A relationship between two organisms where both organisms benefit.
   • Example: Bees pollinating flowers; the bees get nectar, and the flowers get pollinated.
2. Parasitism: A relationship where one organism (the parasite) benefits at the expense of another organism (the host), which is harmed.
   • Example: A tapeworm living in the intestines of a human, absorbing nutrients from the human.
3. Predation: A relationship where one organism (the predator) hunts, kills, and consumes another organism (the prey) for food.
   • Example: A lion hunting and eating a zebra.

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Question 6: 3.(a) What is Biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the use of living organisms, or parts of living organisms, to develop or make products or processes that are useful to humans.

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Question 7: 3.(d) Distinguish between the two types of biotechnology.

The two main types of biotechnology can be distinguished as:

1. Traditional (or Classical) Biotechnology: This involves using naturally occurring biological processes without direct genetic manipulation. It relies on the natural capabilities of organisms.
   • Example: Fermentation processes used in making bread, cheese, yogurt, or alcoholic beverages.
2. Modern Biotechnology: This involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using advanced molecular techniques, such as genetic engineering. It allows for precise changes to be made to an organism's DNA.
   • Example: Creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs), gene therapy, or producing insulin using recombinant DNA technology.