Distinguish between exotic breeds and indigenous breeds. State three advantages of exotic breeds of poultry. Calculate the relative molecular masses of Na2CO3 and CH3COOH.

$$\text{Na}: 2 \times 23 = 46$$ $$\text{C}: 1 \times 12 = 12$$ $$\text{O}: 3 \times 16 = 48$$

$$46 + 12 + 48 = 106$$

The relative molecular mass of $\text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3$ is $\boxed{\text{106}}$.

$$\text{C}: 2 \times 12 = 24$$ $$\text{H}: 4 \times 1 = 4$$ $$\text{O}: 2 \times 16 = 32$$

$$24 + 4 + 32 = 60$$

The relative molecular mass of $\text{CH}_3\text{COOH}$ is $\boxed{\text{60}}$.

Q1.c.i: Two organisms commonly used in biotechnology are:

• Escherichia coli (E. coli)
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Yeast)

Q1.c.ii:

• Escherichia coli: Used in the pharmaceutical industry for producing insulin and other recombinant proteins.
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Used in the food and beverage industry for brewing beer, making wine, and baking bread.

Q1.d.i: Three other sources of electric power generation apart from hydro and thermal sources are:

• Solar power
• Wind power
• Nuclear power

Q1.d.ii: Energy transformations:

• Solar power: Solar energy (light) is converted into electrical energy by photovoltaic cells.
• Wind power: Kinetic energy of wind is converted into mechanical energy by turbine blades, which is then converted into electrical energy by a generator.