This biology question covers important biological concepts and processes. The step-by-step explanation below helps you understand the underlying mechanisms and reasoning.
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4.5.1 The characteristic that is dominant is Long fleece. 4.5.2 Individual 5 has short fleece, which is the recessive trait. Therefore, its genotype is ll. 4.5.3 Individual 9 is a shaded circle, indicating a female with long fleece. Its phenotype is Long fleece. 4.5.4 Individual 8 has long fleece (dominant trait). Its parents are individual 4 (long fleece) and individual 5 (short fleece, ll). Individual 4 also produced individual 7, who has short fleece (ll). For individual 7 to have short fleece, it must have inherited an l allele from individual 4. Therefore, individual 4 must be heterozygous (Ll). Individual 8 inherited an L allele from individual 4 and an l allele from individual 5. Thus, individual 8's genotype is Ll, making it heterozygous. 4.5.5 Female animals are represented by circles. Homozygous recessive individuals have short fleece (unshaded). • Individual 1 (unshaded circle) is homozygous recessive. • Individual 7 (unshaded circle) is homozygous recessive. There are 2 female animals that are homozygous recessive. 4.6.1 Variation refers to the differences in characteristics or traits among individuals within a population or species. 4.6.2 Two causes of variation are: • Mutation • Meiosis (e.g., crossing over, independent assortment) 4.6.3 One type of mutagen is UV radiation. That's 2 down. 3 left today — send the next one.