This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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1 (b) M is an element that belongs to the 3rd period of the periodic table and is a member of the alkaline earth metals. Show the position of M in the grid. The element M is Magnesium (Mg). It is located in Group 2, Period 3 of the periodic table. 2 (a) The diagram below shows spots of pure substances A, B and C on a chromatography paper. Spot D is that of a mixture. After development A, B and C were found to have moved 8cm, 3cm and 6cm respectively. D was separated into two spots which had moved 6cm and 8cm. (i) On the diagram: (I) Label the baseline (origin) The baseline (origin) is the horizontal line at the bottom of the chromatography paper where the initial spots A, B, C, and D were applied. It is marked by the 'X' symbols. (II) Show the positions of all the spots after development • Spot A: Mark a spot at the 8 cm line above the origin, directly above the initial 'X' for A. • Spot B: Mark a spot at the 3 cm line above the origin, directly above the initial 'X' for B. • Spot C: Mark a spot at the 6 cm line above the origin, directly above the initial 'X' for C. • Spot D: Mark two spots above the initial 'X' for D: one at the 6 cm line and another at the 8 cm line. (ii) Identify the substances present in mixture D Mixture D separated into two spots that moved 6 cm and 8 cm. Substance C moved 6 cm. Substance A moved 8 cm. Therefore, mixture D contains substances A and C. 2 (b) Describe how solid ammonium chloride can be separated from a solid mixture of ammonium chloride and anhydrous calcium chloride. This separation can be achieved by sublimation. Step 1: Place the solid mixture of ammonium chloride and anhydrous calcium chloride in an evaporating dish. Step 2: Gently heat the evaporating dish. Ammonium chloride will sublime, turning directly from a solid into a gas. Step 3: Place an inverted funnel or watch glass over the evaporating dish. The ammonium chloride vapor will cool and solidify (deposit) on the cooler surface of the funnel/watch glass, forming pure solid ammonium chloride. Step 4: The anhydrous calcium chloride, which does not sublime, will remain in the evaporating dish.