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The following set-up was used to investigate the percentage of oxygen in air by volume. (a) State and explain the observations made when a gas jar is inverted over the burning candle.

Chemistry

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Answer

C2H5OH(aq)+HCOOH→HCOOC2H5+H2O\mathrm{C_2H_5OH(aq) + HCOOH \to HCOOC_2H_5 + H_2O}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

  1. Identify the reactants.

    Ethanol: C2H5OH(aq)\mathrm{C_2H_5OH(aq)} (an alcohol).
    Formic acid: HCOOH\mathrm{HCOOH} (a carboxylic acid).

  2. Determine the reaction type.

    This is an esterification reaction (condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid).
    General equation:

    ROH+HOOC−R′→R′COOR+H2O\mathrm{ROH + HOOC-R' \to R'COOR + H_2O}

  3. Substitute the groups.

    For ethanol, R=C2H5−\mathrm{R = C_2H_5-}.
    For formic acid, R′=H−\mathrm{R' = H-}.
    Ester product: HCOOC2H5\mathrm{HCOOC_2H_5} (ethyl formate).
    Byproduct: H2O\mathrm{H_2O}.

  4. Write the complete balanced equation.

    C2H5OH(aq)+HCOOH→HCOOC2H5+H2O\mathrm{C_2H_5OH(aq) + HCOOH \to HCOOC_2H_5 + H_2O}

    C_2H_5OH(aq) + HCOOH \to HCOOC_2H_5 + H_2O

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