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A mixture of CO(g) and H2O(g) at equilibrium contains 0.6 mol CO, 0.6 mol H2O, 0.1 mol CO2, and 0.1 mol H2 in a 2 dm3 flask. Kc = 4. Calculate the mass of CO at equilibrium.

Chemistry

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Answer

6.54 g\text{6.54 g}

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here's how to calculate the mass of CO(g)\text{CO(g)} at equilibrium:

  1. Write down the balanced chemical equation and initial moles.

    The balanced equation is:

    CO(g)+H2O(g)⇌CO2(g)+H2(g)\text{CO(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} \rightleftharpoons \text{CO}_2\text{(g)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)}

    Initial moles:
    n(CO)=0.6 mol\text{n(CO)} = 0.6 \text{ mol}
    n(H2O)=0.6 mol\text{n(H}_2\text{O)} = 0.6 \text{ mol}
    n(CO2)=0.1 mol\text{n(CO}_2\text{)} = 0.1 \text{ mol}
    n(H2)=0.1 mol\text{n(H}_2\text{)} = 0.1 \text{ mol}
    Volume of flask, V=2 dm3\text{V} = 2 \text{ dm}^3
    Equilibrium constant, Kc=4\text{K}_c = 4

  2. Set up an ICE (Initial, Change, Equilibrium) table for moles.

    Let xx be the change in moles for the reaction.

    CO(g)H2O(g)CO2(g)H2(g)Initial (mol)0.60.60.10.1Change (mol)−x−x+x+xEquilibrium (mol)0.6−x0.6−x0.1+x0.1+x\begin{array}{|l|c|c|c|c|} \hline & \text{CO(g)} & \text{H}_2\text{O(g)} & \text{CO}_2\text{(g)} & \text{H}_2\text{(g)} \\ \hline \text{Initial (mol)} & 0.6 & 0.6 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \text{Change (mol)} & -x & -x & +x & +x \\ \text{Equilibrium (mol)} & 0.6-x & 0.6-x & 0.1+x & 0.1+x \\ \hline \end{array}
  3. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc\text{K}_c.

    Kc=[CO2][H2][CO][H2O]K_c = \frac{[\text{CO}_2][\text{H}_2]}{[\text{CO}][\text{H}_2\text{O}]}
  4. Substitute equilibrium concentrations into the Kc\text{K}_c expression and solve for xx.

    The equilibrium concentrations are calculated by dividing the equilibrium moles by the volume (2 dm32 \text{ dm}^3).

    Kc=(0.1+x2)(0.1+x2)(0.6−x2)(0.6−x2)K_c = \frac{\left(\frac{0.1+x}{2}\right)\left(\frac{0.1+x}{2}\right)}{\left(\frac{0.6-x}{2}\right)\left(\frac{0.6-x}{2}\right)} 4=(0.1+x)24(0.6−x)244 = \frac{\frac{(0.1+x)^2}{4}}{\frac{(0.6-x)^2}{4}} 4=(0.1+x)2(0.6−x)24 = \frac{(0.1+x)^2}{(0.6-x)^2}

    Take the square root of both sides:

    4=(0.1+x)2(0.6−x)2\sqrt{4} = \sqrt{\frac{(0.1+x)^2}{(0.6-x)^2}} 2=0.1+x0.6−x2 = \frac{0.1+x}{0.6-x}

    Now, solve for xx:

    2(0.6−x)=0.1+x2(0.6-x) = 0.1+x 1.2−2x=0.1+x1.2 - 2x = 0.1 + x 1.2−0.1=x+2x1.2 - 0.1 = x + 2x 1.1=3x1.1 = 3x x=1.13 molx = \frac{1.1}{3} \text{ mol} x≈0.3667 molx \approx 0.3667 \text{ mol}
  5. Calculate the moles of CO(g)\text{CO(g)} at equilibrium.

    n(CO)eq=0.6−x\text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} = 0.6 - x n(CO)eq=0.6−1.13\text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} = 0.6 - \frac{1.1}{3} n(CO)eq=1.83−1.13\text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} = \frac{1.8}{3} - \frac{1.1}{3} n(CO)eq=0.73 mol\text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} = \frac{0.7}{3} \text{ mol} n(CO)eq≈0.2333 mol\text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} \approx 0.2333 \text{ mol}
  6. Calculate the molar mass of CO\text{CO}.

    Using atomic masses: C=12.01 g/mol\text{C} = 12.01 \text{ g/mol}, O=16.00 g/mol\text{O} = 16.00 \text{ g/mol}

    M(CO)=12.01+16.00=28.01 g/mol\text{M(CO)} = 12.01 + 16.00 = 28.01 \text{ g/mol}
  7. Calculate the mass of CO(g)\text{CO(g)} at equilibrium.

    m(CO)=n(CO)eq×M(CO)\text{m(CO)} = \text{n(CO)}_{\text{eq}} \times \text{M(CO)} m(CO)=0.73 mol×28.01 g/mol\text{m(CO)} = \frac{0.7}{3} \text{ mol} \times 28.01 \text{ g/mol} m(CO)=19.6073 g\text{m(CO)} = \frac{19.607}{3} \text{ g} m(CO)≈6.5356 g\text{m(CO)} \approx 6.5356 \text{ g}

    Rounding to two decimal places:

    m(CO)=6.54 g\text{m(CO)} = \boxed{\text{6.54 g}}
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