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Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and HCl, and calculate the molarity of the dilute HCl solution using the provided titration data.

Chemistry

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2 parts
b

Ma=0.0917 MM_a = 0.0917 \text{ M}

c

Concentration=3.34 gdm−3\text{Concentration} = 3.34 \text{ gdm}^{-3}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

a) To write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), we recognize it as an acid-base neutralization reaction, which produces a salt and water.

Step 1: Identify reactants and products.
Reactants: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH\text{NaOH}) and hydrochloric acid (HCl\text{HCl}).
Products: Sodium chloride (NaCl\text{NaCl}) and water (H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}).

Step 2: Write the unbalanced equation with state symbols.

NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)⟶NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{HCl(aq)} \longrightarrow \text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}

Step 3: Balance the equation.
The equation is already balanced, with one sodium, one oxygen, two hydrogens, and one chlorine atom on both sides.

The balanced chemical equation is:

NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)⟶NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)\boxed{\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{HCl(aq)} \longrightarrow \text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}}

Part b· 3 steps

To calculate the molarity of the dilute HCl acid, we use the titration data and the stoichiometry of the reaction.

  1. Identify the given values from the problem and the table.

    Molarity of NaOH\text{NaOH} (MbM_b) = 0.1 M0.1 \text{ M}
    Volume of NaOH\text{NaOH} (VbV_b) = 25 cm325 \text{ cm}^3 (pipetted into the conical flask)
    From the table, the accurate titre readings are 27.1 cm327.1 \text{ cm}^3 and 27.4 cm327.4 \text{ cm}^3.
    Mean titre volume of HCl\text{HCl} (VaV_a) = 27.1 cm3+27.4 cm32=54.5 cm32=27.25 cm3\frac{27.1 \text{ cm}^3 + 27.4 \text{ cm}^3}{2} = \frac{54.5 \text{ cm}^3}{2} = 27.25 \text{ cm}^3.
    From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of NaOH\text{NaOH} to HCl\text{HCl} is 1:11:1. So, nb=1n_b = 1 and na=1n_a = 1.

  2. Use the titration formula.

    The formula for titration calculations is:

    MaVana=MbVbnb\frac{M_a V_a}{n_a} = \frac{M_b V_b}{n_b}

    Where MaM_a and VaV_a are the molarity and volume of the acid, MbM_b and VbV_b are the molarity and volume of the base, and nan_a and nbn_b are their respective stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation.

  3. Substitute the values and solve for MaM_a.

    Ma=MbVbnaVanbM_a = \frac{M_b V_b n_a}{V_a n_b} Ma=(0.1 M)×(25 cm3)×1(27.25 cm3)×1M_a = \frac{(0.1 \text{ M}) \times (25 \text{ cm}^3) \times 1}{(27.25 \text{ cm}^3) \times 1} Ma=2.527.25 MM_a = \frac{2.5}{27.25} \text{ M} Ma≈0.091743 MM_a \approx 0.091743 \text{ M}

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    Ma=0.0917 M\boxed{M_a = 0.0917 \text{ M}}

Part c

Concentration=3.34 gdm−3\text{Concentration} = 3.34 \text{ gdm}^{-3}

To calculate the concentration of the dilute HCl acid in gdm−3\text{gdm}^{-3}, we multiply its molarity by its molar mass.

  1. Determine the molar mass of HCl\text{HCl}.

    Atomic mass of H = 1.008 g/mol1.008 \text{ g/mol}
    Atomic mass of Cl = 35.45 g/mol35.45 \text{ g/mol}
    Molar mass of HCl\text{HCl} = 1.008+35.45=36.458 g/mol1.008 + 35.45 = 36.458 \text{ g/mol}

  2. Calculate the concentration in gdm−3\text{gdm}^{-3}.

    Concentration (gdm−3\text{gdm}^{-3}) = Molarity (mol/dm3\text{mol/dm}^3) ×\times Molar mass (g/mol\text{g/mol})
    Using the unrounded molarity:
    Concentration = 0.091743 mol/dm3×36.458 g/mol0.091743 \text{ mol/dm}^3 \times 36.458 \text{ g/mol}
    Concentration ≈3.344 g/dm3\approx 3.344 \text{ g/dm}^3

    Rounding to three significant figures:

    Concentration=3.34 gdm−3\boxed{\text{Concentration} = 3.34 \text{ gdm}^{-3}}
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